The resveratrol ranks first among anti-aging ingredient

With the aging of population, product which promotes the health of the elderly in the past two decades has developed rapidly. And because the expecting the standard of living environment raising and productivity improvements, anti-aging market is expanding. In a huge amount of market information, important, true manuals of the product are extremely important. For scientific evidence, resveratrol is no stranger to stand in the nutritional products industry and anti-aging field.

The study found that resveratrol has a wide range of benefits and sublingual have a greater bioavailability than oral. The study found that sublingual administration of trans-resveratrol glucuronidation with greater plasma metabolite concentrations. Sublingual administration directly into a vein and then entered the blood circulation, to overcome the oral administration of the digestive system and liver first pass effect of resveratrol.

Although there are much resveratrol and other polyphenols in the red wine, people can not get enough resveratrol with moderate consumption red wine. This directly contributed to the study of medicine and nutritional products company and the development of pure, stable product in order to achieve useful content. For the past three years, resveratrol has entered the 10 anti-aging product development, and will continue to conduct research.

For the point that use resveratrol alone can anti-aging, there are mainly three explanations, caloric restriction, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Calorie restriction, which is defined to maintain the purpose of body heat necessary to achieve health through the absorption of caloric restriction, glutathione and resveratrol. In animal and human clinical studies, metabolism tends to reduce the energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis and transport. Okinawa has the largest proportion of centenarians in the world. Their dietary intake is similar to the dietary type of heat control therapy. Resveratrol can simulate the activity of silent information factor to extend the life span of yeast and Drosophila. The mechanism of mitochondria is still not clear, but resveratrol can control mitochondrial energy production, which is similar to the heat control therapy.

The accumulation of oxidative free radicals can not only apparent destruction of cell structure, it will also promote the oxidation of protein transport, thereby undermining the balance between free radicals and internal antioxidants. Resveratrol is a polyphenol, not only has antioxidant properties, but also enhance the effect of synergy with other flavonoids and polyphenols. Severe and chronic inflammatory reaction that produces a series of reactions, resulting in tissue damage and cell death. A large number of studies have shown that oxidation is a major factor causing inflammation. Resveratrol and chia seed can maintain the dynamic equilibrium of the redox reaction, so as to control the occurrence of inflammatory factors.

The scientific evidence on resveratrol and the continuous scientific research for resveratrol provides a broad application space. Resveratrol can have a variety of ways entering into the body and its product formulations are also very extensive. The scope of its use has expanded from the typical application of cream, lotion, cosmetics and facial mask to the functional food and drinks, including chewing gum, sweet biscuits, fruit snacks, mixed fruit products, tea products, pre-packaged powder products and sports beverages. The manufacturer is also considering the development of pure extract supplements and other delivery systems, such as suppositories, transdermal drug delivery plaster and intranasal spray administration. Aging is combing with a variety of factors. We can not simply regard aging as a disease. Aging is a natural biological process. But nutrition has important benefits to promote healthy older lives.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Loss of glutathione

Glutathione can play a lipid antioxidant role in the body. It is also the main component for body detoxify. Therefore there are too large demands for cellular glutathione in the body which often leads to the loss of glutathione.

It is all known that many pharmaceutical products can reduce the glutathione levels in liver, kidney, heart and other tissues. For example, excessive taking acetaminophen (one ordinary analgesics can be purchased in pharmacies) will reduce the glutathione levels in the liver and makes the liver more vulnerable to acute injury from exogenous toxins (e.g. alcohol). Acetaminophen and alcohol combine with serious consequences on the body, will greatly exceed them single injury on the body.

Many other exogenous factors can also consume the storage capacity of glutathione. These factors include: lack of methionine in the diet (glutathione precursors), ionizing radiation, acute tissue injury, hemochromatosis caused by ion overload and excessive drinking. Even intense aerobic exercise can make the muscle stores of glutathione and other antioxidants quickly wear and tear out. Thus, for the outstanding athletes who frequently engage in exercise and supplement glutathione precursors is a wise precaution.

Lifestyle’s choices are very important for glutathione. It may be stronger than the role of any one nutrient. If including smoking, alcohol and astaxanthin drug abuse, adverse long-term mental and physical stress and unhealthy dietary habits combined, can give the body a continuous oxidative stress, much of the loss of the body store of glutathione. Moreover, the body's defense system will be quickly destroyed, free radicals will damage the tissues compounds, and ultimately to the cells of the body causing serious consequences.

Body damage process: with the reduced glutathione and other antioxidant levels, the cells of the body (usually to maximize endure oxidative attack cells) began to die. Thus regions of damage organization begin to emerge and expand with the outward expansion of the free radicals. And it ultimately spreads to other tissues and organs. The damage spreading wave of this body is the process of formation of degenerative diseases. An intracellular glutathione levels may be proved to show the most accurate single indicator of cell health status. Changes in glutathione tie standards to determine the fate of the cells.

Scientific basis that supporting glutathione as an important anti-oxidants and antidotes are convincing. In this field, almost no experts continue expressed doubts for the proliferation of free radicals, antioxidant loss, tretinoin and body poisons accumulate in the process of degenerative diseases development. Glutathione is an active nutrient in the forefront of such a battle. For this reason, maintaining ideal levels of glutathione in the tissues is the best prerequisite to ensure the body cells health and longevity. Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Latest progress of docetaxel clinical pharmacokinetics

Docetaxel belongs to taxane anticancer drugs. It has an anti-tumor effect by inducing microtubule stability and destruction of the microtubule network dynamics. Docetaxel has shown a broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity in preclinical models and clinical treatment. It is found in the reactions of many types of diseases, including advanced breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Docetaxel pharmacokinetics and metabolism are very complex. In recent years, these scientists have been studied in the subject.

Docetaxel gets a range of metabolic transformation by cytochrome isoenzyme, resulting in formations of several pharmacological oxidation products without activity Docetaxel elimination of the route depends on the degree of presence of drug transporters, especially present in the bile tubule membrane glycoprotein. Adjust the drug elimination process, through metabolic breakdown or excretion of the ways to achieve. Docetaxel regimen of the individual strategy is based on ongoing cytochrome expression in the chia seed process is the difference of the phenotype or genotype may eventually make this drug a more selective chemotherapeutic use.

Anticancer drug docetaxel gets microtubule stabilization by aggregometry and inhibition of tubulin depolymerization, thereby undermining the dynamics of the microtubule network. Docetaxel’s variety treatments of active cancer include breast, lung, head and neck, ovarian and prostate cancer sites. It can be used to separate patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, and more soft than the star and cyclophosphamide used in conjunction with surgery, lymph node-positive breast cancer adjuvant therapy for the treatment of early failure of chemotherapy. It also can be used to treat a separate pre-failure of platinum-based chemotherapy for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, in combination with cisplatin treatment did not receive pre-chemotherapy for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and prednisone is used in conjunction with the treatment of androgen-dependent metastatic prostate cancer.

The dose of docetaxel for cancer treatment is 60mg/m2 to 100mg/m2 one hour in every three weeks. With this delivery method, most patients suffer from neutropenia syndrome. Occurrence rate of 75% degree of neutropenia disease and hot neutrophil reduce disease are 93% and 9% respectively. Dose of 100 mg/m2 in patients with metastatic breast cancer, the resveratrol occurrence probability is 65% and 6% respectively. Every three weeks regimen other adverse reactions include: alopecia, weakness, dermatology reaction, fluid stagnation, hypersensitivity, actuators and sensory neuropathy, stomatitis and diarrhea, and so on. Recently, there is a tendency around dropped to 25-40 mg/m2, docetaxel regimen to a weekly dose. Weekly dosing regimen is associated with the response rate this point and it is similar with every three weeks dosing regimen. But it can reduce bone marrow suppression reactions. However, such outcome has paid the price with increase of tears, skin nail toxicity and the negative impact on life quality.Source:http://www.cospcn.com

The use of retinoic acid in cosmetics

Retinoic acid is currently an ingredient that the mainstream dermatology unanimous praises. It is one of the two trump cards in dermatology drugs for acne and aging two skin problems. Because doing well, A acid gradually turns into a daily skin care products from medical drugs.

Retinoic acid and vitamin A is the same class of compounds which can be transformed with each other in the body. Vitamin A has long been considered a vitamin, but the new view is that it acts like a hormone. Vitamin A into the skin by specific enzymes into retinoic acid is tretinoin. Dollars generated through a combination of the six cells acid receptor, the physiological role of the dozens. Where in the skin surface can be confirmed by the following effects: anti-inflammatory response, regulation of epidermal cell growth and differentiation, and promote collagen production, improve the function of sebaceous glands, and reversal of photoaging phenomenon, inhibiting melanin production, promote the thickening of the dermis layer.

During the time of using Vitamin A acid, dry skins should use mild f wash products or oil cover retinoic acid. So that the best results reduce irritation, better fat-soluble retinoic acid to penetrate the skin within layer. Began to use low concentrations, only change the skin to adapt to high concentrations. Retinoic acid can not, after the moisture or water weight thing best moisturizing coated finished retinoic acid after 30 minutes of things.

After some period of time of use, some people have retinoic acid inflammation. It is not hormone face. Retinoic acid is adapted by the skin. After the adaptation, skin can adapt to retinoic acid, an allergic reaction. And continuous use of glutathione entered into a consolidation phase after a year later. As long as one week, it uses one to three times on the line. The correct way to use can improve the inflammation symptoms.

Retinoic acid should be used in the evening. The fat-soluble stays long in the skin and has diffusion. In the day, people need to strengthen the anti sun. Retinoic acid capillary thickening, so many people there will be redness of the phenomenon in a large temperature difference between the environments will become Guan Gong surface, so it is best to avoid these environments. Retinoic acid up is recommended to be used continuously for one year, but not required consecutive year. Taking into account the side effects, so do not recommend long-term high-dose use. Retinoic acid is fat soluble and absorbed into the body may not stay long in the body caused by excessive. Coated with dimension A acid has been used whether pregnant or not.

The retinoic acid with low price is a very attractive component which cans anti-keratinization, inhibit acne, reduce the formation of melanin and reduce pigmentation, increase collagen and anti-inflammatory. Does not retinoic acid really have any harm on skins? In fact, retinoic acid and astaxanthin are drugs with a very stimulating ingredient. There will be many side effects. Retinoic acid dermatitis: redness, peeling, dryness, itching, pain. Photosensitivity: UV protection weakened. The initial deterioration: in the first three months, the pigmentation skin becomes blacker. For worsen acne skin acne, fine lines may become deeper. Thinning of the skin: the retinoic acid promotes angiogenesis and makes a little thinning of the outermost horny. If it is the redness skin, people should be cautious in retinoic acid use.Source:http://www.cosprm.com

The scale of generic drugs in pharmaceutical market will be fully expanded

In the pharmaceutical outsourcing markets, contract manufacturing of APIs and finished drugs are very important areas. The latest studies have shown that the contract pharmaceutical production will show a moderate - strong growth. In 2011, total revenue of global pharmaceutical glutathione contract manufacturing reached nearly $ 218 billion. It is expected that in 2016 this data will reach nearly $ 361 billion with the compound annual growth rate of 10.6%.

Pharmaceutical contract manufacturing can be divided into four areas: non prescription drugs and nutritional health products, contract manufacturing, contract manufacturing of bulk drugs and formulations, contract research and contract packaging. According to analysis, in 2011 the global bulk drugs and formulations contract manufacturing revenue is $ 53.4 billion. It is expected that this market will grow at a CAGR of 10.1 percent growth to reach $ 86.3 billion in 2016. If a specific analysis, the field of contract manufacturing of bulk drugs is expected to show a moderate growth.

In 2010, the global pharmaceutical raw materials market size reached $ 101 billion. Monopoly market (ie pharmaceutical companies in this market, the total value of the internal organization of production, pharmaceutical raw materials for their own needs) accounted for 61.4% of the share of bulk drugs market; commodity bulk drugs market (sales by a third party API) accounted for the remaining 38.6% share (about $ 39 billion).

Commodity bulk drugs, the global commodity bulk drugs market almost supplied to the generics market of pharmaceutical raw materials and supplies to the brand-name drugs (including study drug) markets bulk drugs have equal shares. 2010, in the global commodity bulk drugs on the market for generic drugs, pharmaceutical raw materials account for about 48.7 percent (about $ 19 billion), and for brand-name drugs accounted for the remaining 51.3% of pharmaceutical raw materials (about $ 20 billion).

In the next five years, global commodity bulk drugs market for generic drugs and brand drugs is expected grow by an average rate of 5.1%. It is from $ 39 billion in 2010 to $ 50 billion in 2015. However, the bulk irinotecan drugs demand for generic drugs will be greater than the growth of bulk drugs for brand-name drugs. It is expected that generic bulk drugs market will grow at a 7.3 percent annual growth rate. The size of market in 2015 will reach $ 27 billion. Commodity raw materials market for the brand drug is expected to grow by only 2.8% and the size of market in 2015 will reach $ 23 billion. This growth rate differences will make the commodity bulk drugs for generics in the market occupied by the share increased from 49.7% in 2010 to 54% in 2015. It will make the commodity bulk drugs for brand-name drugs on the market occupied by the share reduced from 51.3% in 2010 to 46% in 2015.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Astaxanthin inhibits human oxidative stress and inflammation

Animal experiments have made it clear that natural astaxanthin can regulate the immune response, inhibit cancer cell growth, reduce bacterial infection gastritis and against UVA-induced oxidative damage. Astaxanthin can reduce DNA damage biomarkers, acute inflammation of the protein and enhance immune response for healthy women.

In daily life, we will more or less get physical illness, such as a fever, cancer and incurable diseases. We will take tretinoin drugs to treat these diseases. However, how many people get to know the real reason to produce the disease in order to advance to prevent the occurrence of disease. Rather than wait for disease and spend money to take medicine.

The body can be full of vitality relying on oxygen. Inhalation of oxygen, use it to burn fuel (consumption of food) and energy production. However, cells use oxygen to produce by-product of high-energy form of oxygen molecules waste. These reactive oxygen molecules have a name, called free radicals. Free radicals are harmful to human tissue and cell structure. This damage is known as oxidative stress. The body use glutathione oxygen to impose its own pressure. Most age-related health problems, such as wrinkles, heart disease and Alzheimer's disease are associated with oxidative stress too much about. Few people can live up to their potential maximum life span. They often died of various diseases earlier and much of them are caused by free radicals.

In fact, almost all the organs in the body are very susceptible to oxidative stress injury. There are numerous symptoms such as fatigue, generalized weakness, muscle and joint pain, indigestion, anxiety, depression, skin itching, headache, and difficulty concentrating, and infection is difficult to heal. By the elevated level of oxidative stress induced by the most common heart disease, cancer, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and neurological degenerative problems of the disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely linked. Body wherever, as long as one of the phenomena, it must be accompanied by another phenomenon. The existence of a large number of oxidative stresses in the region. The smoke is an oxidant, has a very high oxidative capacity. When this oxidation tobacco is inhaled, the lung tissue damage, and quickly cause inflammation. Therefore, smokers are mostly suffering from bronchitis.

Astaxanthin is a super natural cellular antioxidant first isolating from the lobster in 1938. It is an only antioxidant which can slow down the aging function of organs and tissues. It can get rid of excess free radicals thereby reducing oxidative stress and enhancing our body's immune function. It will prevent inflammation and more disease. Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Antineoplastic agent irinotecan’s research progress

Irinotecan is one of the new drugs listed in the cytotoxic drugs’ new member camptothecin derivatives. As early as 1966, substances camptothecin with anti-tumor activity has been extracted from the Chinese plant camptotheca acuminata. But due to its poor water solubility and it is difficult to predict severe toxicity, its further application is limited and the study was interrupted. Until 1985, the progress of molecular biology clarifies the camptothecin's acting mechanism and special target DNA topology isomerase I. The depth study of these findings and clinical pharmacology inspired the design of efficient and good water-soluble climax camptothecin analogues. Irinotecan is one result of these studies.

Irinotecan was developed by the Japanese .In order to clear the value of the solid tumors treatment, a lot of researches are carried on a global scale. The large-scale clinical trials show that irinotecan is an effective drug for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, fluorouracil resistant cases is still valid. At present, the drug has been jointly approved by the United States and the European Union, listed on the over 100 countries around the world. In March 2001, the drug entered into Chinese market.

In vitro, studies have shown that irinotecan and its metabolites with broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity of various tumor cell lines. In vivo studies, intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral administration, the observed anticancer activity of CPT-11 syngeneic mice transplanted tumor, the same broad-spectrum anticancer activity.

In recent years, according to the results of animal experiments and in vitro experiments, the people began to irinotecan for the treatment of other tumors. The study found that compared with the standards program, the use of irinotecan, topotecan in combination with cisplatin to treat non-small cell lung cancer, can significantly prolong the survival period. Similarly, in the comparative study of the standard treatment of small cell lung cancer program, also received the same conclusion. Jointly present, the number of irinotecan with different plant extracts drugs to treat non-small cell lung cancer clinical trials are underway, the results of these studies will help clarify the role of irinotecan in the treatment of lung cancer. In addition, except for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, irinotecan other tumors such as breast cancer, malignant glioma and gastric cancer have a certain effect.

And 5-FU, over the years has been the drug of choice for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, the efficiency of about 11%. By extending the 5-FU infusion or combined with biochemical modulator can improve the efficacy of treatment failure is still a lack of effective drugs for further treatment. Irinotecan for the semi-synthetic derivative of camptothecin derivatives, it has a unique molecular structure and mechanism of action, determines the unique clinical benefits, does not affect the quality of life, prolong the survival period.

Present, although much research work has been carried out on irinotecan, there are a lot of problems of drug metabolism efficacy and side effects remaining unsolved. They include the irinotecan individual’s significant pharmacokinetic differences, irinotecan major metabolites generation and elimination of way in the pathogenesis of late-onset diarrhea, the correlation between resveratrol pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic evaluation, and the ways to resolve the side effects and how to avoid the dose increase. They all need further exploration. In short, clear the above mechanism, optimize of dosing regimens and improve tumor response will be the guiding direction for future research. Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Study of astaxanthin’s pharmacological effects

Astaxanthin is an unsaturated terpenoid compound. It is widely distributed in nature, such as most of crustaceans and salmonids vivo, the leaves of plants, flowers, fruit, and flamingos’ feathers. At present, the main source of natural astaxanthin is fresh water algae, rain pluvialis and phaffia rhodozyma. Unprocessed coconut milk can strengthen Fife yeast and produce large amounts of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin extraction methods are solvent extraction, batch fermentation and CO2 supercritical fluid extraction. The astaxanthin can also be isolated by C18 high performance liquid chromatography.

Astaxanthin can not only quenching singlet oxygen, scavenge oxygen free radicals directly, but also block the fatty acid chain reaction. Because of the nature, containing functional groups, hydrogen peroxide and 3-butyl hydrogen peroxide or ascorbic acid promote lipid oxidation, astaxanthin can significantly reduce the damage. Astaxanthin as an antioxidant than other carotenoids has an obvious advantage. Astaxanthin been proven antioxidant capacity than beta-carotene, and hyperbaric oxygen conditions will not become oxidized enhancer. This may be an inherent safety of antioxidant activity of astaxanthin and other oxo carotenoids in the organ of the high concentration of oxygen.

After strenuous exercise of skeletal and cardiac muscles, the experiment of astaxanthin application shows that astaxanthin can increase plasma creatine kinase activity, reduce the gastrocnemius muscle and myocardial myeloperoxidase activity. It can also weaken the role of the infiltration of neutrophils. This osmosis can cause gastrocnemius and further myocardial damage. Astaxanthin through the above mechanisms to alleviate the damage of skeletal and cardiac muscle due to strenuous exercise. In addition, astaxanthin and biotin can also adjust the video display terminal operator's visual fatigue, ocular accommodative power after taking astaxanthin has been markedly improved, and fatigue has been alleviated.

Astaxanthin can stimulate the immune system to inhibit tumor cell antigenicity. In addition, inhibit breast cancer growth, it also plays a positive role, a strong dose-dependent. Astaxanthin can also reduce the carcinogenic aflatoxin, effective control of its size and number of induced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Astaxanthin inhibit the transfer of the fibrous tumor induced by methylcholanthrene). The mechanism may Meth-A cell growth and stimulates the immune response to inhibition of Meth-A antigen is related to inhibition of astaxanthin. Oxidative stress is another factor to cause cancer metastasis, oxidative stress may also cause the increase of lipid peroxides in the liver tissue. After inoculation of cancer cells in oxidative stress in the liver soon discovered that cancer cells metastasis of oral astaxanthin for 14 consecutive days of oxidative stress-induced metastasis rate. Show that astaxanthin caused by inhibition of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, to improve anti-tumor immune response.

Excessive reactive oxygen species producing by the body is the root causes of many diseases. The special structures of astaxanthin and glutathione make them has a strong antioxidant activity. And antioxidant mechanisms are varied. Astaxanthin also plays a role in the anti-high blood pressure, controlling inflammation, anti-cancer tumor suppressor and enhancing immunity. At present, astaxanthin health care products are produced. There are astaxanthin (0165) preparations, astaxanthin and small amount carotenoids complex preparations in the markets. Foreign countries also develop an anti-infective oral formulation. Astaxanthin diester combing with aspirin can enhance its efficacy. In short, the astaxanthin drug has great prospects in prevention and treatment of human diseases. Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Production and sales of plant extracts

Plant extracts is a new herbal product integrating with modern pharmaceutical technology. It has a broad international market space and its industrialization has good development prospects.

The extract is a new product shape in the international natural medicine and health products market. It is the carrier of advanced technology for modern herbal medicine. These products are producing in meeting the gap, gmp request, while they use the advanced technology and quality testing technology. Hplc, hptlc, gc, gc-ms, hplc-ms and other analytical instruments and techniques’ applications in the plant extracts reflects the technological progress of herbal industry and show modern requirements of the botanicals.

Plant extracts is the depth of processing of botanicals, with less development effort, high-tech, value-added products, the wide international market and other advantages and features, is an ideal way to herbal medicine to enter the international market; plant extracts after several years of development, have a certain scale of the industry, the proportion of exports has more than herbal medicine, and an upward trend. The other hand, all aspects of the extract of the development, production, circulation, etc., from macro to micro is still lack the necessary management practices, product variety and miscellaneous specifications, production companies and small business channel complex, disorder of operation, product quality varied damage the image of the herbal product exports, resulting in substantial decline in the average export price of plant extracts.

Items of plant extracts in more than 80 kinds of existing varieties can be divided into three categories: single herb plant extracts, such as citrus aurantium, angelica, astragalus, schisandra, ganoderma lucidum, tribulus, magnolia, scanthopanax, hypericum forsythia red clover, ginkgo biloba extract; compound plant extracts, such as extract; purified extracts, including the irinotecan active site and monomer compounds, such as soy isoflavones, ginseng saponin, tea catechins, resveratrol, huperzine A-level

The industrialization of the plant extract is required to meet the gap, gmp is of gsp conditions in the whole production process required to establish and implement a series of technical standards and specifications, to ensure and improve product quality, standardize industry management order, to expand exports, to ensure the healthy development of the industry is important. The extract is an important part of and manner of application of herbal medicine, better application of basic and broad market, the production of plant extracts is an efficient way to plant herbs and Pieces of value-added, export market is a rapidly growing market. Plant extracts to enter the international market, in addition to economic benefits, more importantly, public awareness and acceptance of herbal medicine, and expand and deepen the impact of herbal medicine in the international arena can be induced to cultivate the consumer market of herbal products, cultivate herbal international consciousness, laid the foundation for herbal internationalization.

Plant extracts is the emerging field of differentiation from the herbal industry, the current in order to meet international market demand, but its essence is the herbal raw drugs. Plant extracts industry will promote the production and differentiation of proprietary Chinese docetaxel medicines for the production of raw materials and preparations production of two parts, thus the formation of the industry of herbal raw materials, extracts, this specialization will help to improve the standardization of herbal medicine production and management and intensive level.

Plant extracts’ target markets are Europe, the United States and other western developed countries and regions with high technical requirements. A large number of new technologies, new materials are used in the modern pharmaceutical industry and related industries. Its modernization brings process industrialization, quality standardization and business process learning from foreign natural drug development model and methods. Those can continuously strengthen the innovate ability and provide technical support for the herbal industry to realize leap development.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Glutathione and whitening

When talking about glutathione, people know that it can enhance effectiveness of the immune system, nourish the liver and protect the liver. In fact, the charming elements glutathione is a particularly effective anti-oxidant supplement with the functions of capturing free oxygen radicals, restoring melanin and promoting the role of collagen synthesis. Glutathione also can effectively enhance the ability of skin to against sun damage.

Skin care can not be separated from the skin whitening and flexibility. The main factors that directly affect the skin whitening and flexibility can be divided into three aspects: First, free oxygen radicals, melanin, is collagen. Medical research shows that human negative emotions such as stress, the role of anger, fear, etc., will produce too much oxygen free radicals. Roaming of oxygen free radicals in the body, damage to any contact with the cells and tissues, and the role of enzymes in the human body system, resulting in the release of collagenase and elastase, resulting in the loss of skin elasticity, wrinkles and vesicles. Cosmetic elements astaxanthin is absorbed through the gastrointestinal transport with the blood to the body tissues of oxygen free radicals in the cells and between cells in liquid environment, capture, removal, to minimize free radical damage to the skin.

The skin color depends on the melanin content of skin. The root causes of the formation of melanin are tyrosinase. Tyrosine its role within the melanocytes dopa quinone is oxidized to form eumelanin, the formation of melanin to gradually reach the surface of the skin with the skin of normal metabolism, the last and the aging of the skin with natural peeling. If the skin metabolism is not smooth, it will lead to a lot of pigmentation, and gathered in the local skin color will deepen the formation of spots. Therefore, inhibiting tyrosinase biosynthesis and sunscreen is the key to whitening. Elements glutathione can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, blocking melanin production, and improve the skin dull. Of course, restore melanin to a colorless state and can not guarantee that from this will no longer generated. Really want to whiten, in addition to tretinoin supplementary elements glutathione, can inhibit the formation of melanin composition and effective sun protection.

In the skin whitening, how to make the skin maintaining flexibility becomes a key indispensable problem. The skin dermis contains large amounts of collagen in. It gives the skin strength and can maintain the structure of the skin. The substance intertwining among the collagen is elastic fibers and it makes the skin elastic. The flexibility of collagen and elastic fibers changes under the oxidation impact. At this time, the tissue glutathione can play its role of antioxidant and anti-aging. It enhances collagen production and plays a wrinkle effect. So, for the one who wants to make the skin naturally white, beautiful and moisture, a rich supply of glutathione is required.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

The clinical application of reduced glutathione

Content of GSH decreases when people get viral hepatitis, thereby increasing the liver cell degeneration and necrosis. It leads to liver dysfunction. When liver cells are damaged, the glutathione therapy can provide reductant for glutathione oxidase and thus inhibiting or reducing free radical production. Though the enzyme active thiol, it promotes the regeneration of liver enzyme and protects the body’s active genes from oxidation. The treatment result shows that GSH treatment on viral hepatitis has a certain effect to improve the clinical symptoms and liver function. It can be used as an effective auxiliary therapy of viral hepatitis.

Acute alcohol poisoning is one of the common symptoms of emergency medicine. It allows the spirit of the body's nervous system compromised, resulting in varying degrees of disturbance of consciousness, severe cases of coma, respiratory depression and shock. Glutathione injection in the treatment of acute alcohol poisoning sleeping patient's awakening was significantly shorter in the traditional resveratrol promotion of ethanol oxidation therapy. And there are no significant adverse reactions. The statistical test, the difference was significant.

Acute alcohol intoxication can be divided into periods of excitement based on clinical manifestations, ataxia of the lethargy of three. When large doses of alcohol enter the body at the same time inhibit the cerebral cortex, subcortical central and basic life hub of the medulla oblongata, the patient will be unconscious into the lethargy of the severe cases, death due to respiratory and circulatory failure. Glutathione and ethanol in the liver, the toxic metabolite acetaldehyde, oxygen free radicals, thereby inhibiting the generation of peroxides in the liver tissue accumulation of triglycerides, prevent ethanol-induced liver cell degeneration, necrosis and liver fibrosis and so the occurrence of damage. Exogenous GSH could completely through the blood-brain barrier into brain tissue, to reduce brain tissue damage in the myocardium of oxygen free radicals, reduce heart damage.

Allergic purpura children are the most common of the capillaries in allergic diseases. Glutathione and glutathione plus hormone therapy group than in the single hormone controls the rash subsided no significant difference between groups, shorter hospital stay, significantly reduced the incidence of proteinuria, hematuria, the difference was significant.

With the rising incidence of TB, the application of anti-TB drugs more widely, drug induced liver disease was significantly increased, isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, can lead to drug-induced hepatitis, but disabled anti-TB drugs may enhance the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isoniazid, rifampin mechanism of liver damage caused by two kinds: allergic reactions and toxicity. Glutathione activity of thiol has important cellular biochemical effects of a variety of chemical substances chia seed and their metabolites into the sky detoxification. The increase in glutathione can make liver cell membrane stability, protect the liver cell membrane.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication for diabetes disease. It still lacks of specific treatment for this disease. Intravenous infusion of glutathione injection has significant effects on treating diabetic neuropathy, regardless of the improvement in symptoms or improvement in nerve conduction velocity.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Biotin Overview

It has been 40years since biotin is found. Biotin is a necessary nutrient for mammals. Biotin is an ureido ring containing a sulfur atom and a valeric acid side chain. There are eight kinds of isomers as we know. The only naturally occurring is α-biotin with biological activity. Biotin as a colorless needle crystal, it is easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in cold water and soluble in alcohol. But it is insoluble in organic solvents. It is stable in heat and general cooking losses were incurred. Acids, alkalis, and oxidants will destroy it. Ultraviolet radiation also destroys it gradually. Biotin in the body is stored in the liver. There are low levels of biotin in blood.

Biotin source from food are mainly in the cheese, liver, kidney, soybeans, brown rice, wheat, strawberries, grapefruit, grapes, beer, liver, eggs, lean meat, dairy and so on. Food biotin exists in free form or in the form of protein binding. Biotin binding and protein under the action of the intestinal proteases, the formation of biocytin, and then the role of the intestinal biotin to release free biotin. Biotin absorption of the main part of the proximal small intestine. Low concentrations, the carrier transporter active absorption; high concentrations. By simple diffusion form of absorption. Biotin absorption by the portal minoxidil circulation and transported to the liver, renal storage, other cells also contain biotin, but less. The body's intestinal bacteria can be replaced from the pimelic acid azelaic acid synthesis of biotin, but as a direct source of people biotin is not enough. The human body biotin mainly excreted in the urine, also have biotin excreted in the milk, but a very small number.

The main function of biotin in the decarboxylation from the coenzyme role in the carboxylation reaction and the dehydrogenation reaction, the CO2 transferred from one compound to another compound, so that a compound into another compound. Pharmacological doses of biotin can reduce blood glucose levels of type I diabetes to improve glucose tolerance in rats, reduce insulin resistance. Biotin can also maintain the normal function of various immune cells in experimental animals.

People who like eating raw eggs and drinking coffee needs the supplement of biotin. Antibiotics or sulfa agents at least daily intake of 25μg. Sparse hair, male intake of biotin to prevent hair loss effect. During pregnancy, biotin obvious loss supplement should be reasonable under the guidance of the physician. Intestinal bacterial synthesis of biotin, and therefore difficult to accurately determine the requirements for biotin. The adult’s daily adequate intake is about 30 micrograms. Lactating mother’s daily adequate intake is 35 micrograms.

There are no reports of the low toxicity of biotin. Biotin deficiency mainly the majority of mainly skin symptoms, visible hair thinning and dull, dry skin, scaly dermatitis, red skin rash, severe skin rash can be extended to around the eyes, nose and mouth. In addition, the cosmetics material is accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, tongue, papillary atrophy, mucosal grayed out, numbness, depression, fatigue, muscle pain, high cholesterol and abnormal EEG. These symptoms occur in biotin deficiency after 10 weeks.

Biotin may exist with the following roles: to help the fat metabolism and assist in the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates. It promotes the normal operation and growth of the sweat glands, nerve tissue, bone marrow, male gonads, skin and hair, relieve eczema and dermatitis symptoms. It can prevent from gray hair and hair loss and help treating baldness. It also maintains normal skin function, relieve eczema and skin inflammation. It contributes to some of the biochemical reactions in the body. And can ease muscle pain. Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Low silicon electrolytic metal, passivation manganese powder and dehydrogenation manganese

At present, one of the main applications of EMM is the production of electronic manganese tetroxide. Manganese tetroxide is an important component of the ferrite soft magnetic materials. With the rapid development of world's modern industry, there are continuously improving requirements for quality of the electronics industrial products. Therefore, quality requirements of the electronic products’ raw materials also enter into a higher stage. Ferrite soft magnetic materials are the main raw materials of electronic industrial products. Their quality largely determines the performance of electronic products.

Manganese tetroxide quality affects the performance of soft magnetic materials to some extent. And the quality of the oxide of manganese depends on the quality of the EMM to a greater extent. China's current production of manganese tetroxide production process is the use of electrolytic manganese powder and boron powder aqueous solution of oxidation in the system, some of the harmful impurities in the raw materials and some can be removed, some were difficult to remove. Individual harmful elements - silicon will increase in the production process of the manganese tetroxide. Soft magnetic materials manufacturers have strict requirements on the silicon content of manganese tetroxide. At present, the silicon content in the production of selenium manganese company's products are mostly in the SiO2 content in 200 μg / g, more than 100 ~ 150μg / g. At present, few companies can produce silicon is less than 25μg / g manganese products can meet the requirements of the production of high purity manganese tetroxide.

With the development of the ARC, the application of electrode becomes more and more widely. In addition to containing slag composition, there are10% to 20% of 0 to 0.5mm powder made from ferromanganese or manganese metal. The function of manganese in welding: to prevent the liquid metal of the weld to absorb the gas, when the metal absorb oxygen from the oxygen agent, in addition, both desulfurization and for alloy additive use. To be used under some conditions, there are strict requirements on weld strength, low carbon and oxygen-containing manganese powder, and exposure is not easily oxidized in the air and into the water. This manganese powder after passivation treatment, after treatment, the oxygen content of the manganese powder in the range of 0.4% to 0.5%, and difficult to re-aeration. Passivation of manganese metal powder is the piece of electrolytic manganese metal crushed into powder, and then to the passivation process is simple. At present, the global demand for manganese on the passivation about 2000t / a, the main producing countries of South Africa and China.

Manganese metal can be electrolytic precipitated from aqueous solution of manganese sulfate. Due to the two of hydrogen evolution reactions of cathode exist at the same time, although in the actual operation many measures are taken to inhibit the hydrogen evolution, hydrogen evolution reaction can not be completely avoided. Especially in summer metal powder supplier’s production, with high electrolytic bath temperature, the hydrogen evolution reaction becomes more serious. Therefore, the electrolytic manganese metal in cathode precipitation will always entrain adsorb a certain amount of hydrogen. The general hydrogen content is 0.015% to 0.020%. In some special cases, the requirements of EMM in the hydrogen content are 0.001% to 0.0006%. It is not impossible for EMM to achieve this requirement without dehydrogenation treatment. Because hydrogen and manganese do not generate compounds and just only adsorption or entrainment, the manganese metal piece can take off most of the hydrogen under vacuum to 550 ~ 650 ℃.

Source:http://www.mhcmp.com

The international market of plant extracts

The plant extract is an active ingredient derived from the natural plant extracts. Plant extracts are the main raw materials for herbal preparations. They can be used in nutritional supplements, health food, cosmetics and other industries. They are core products in market of natural medicine and health products.

The plant extract is an emerging industry. It is only a short ten-year history. Despite the early nineteenth century some European countries have started production and application of plant extracts, but also just AU bud state, not a scale , let alone enough to become an industry. In the world until the early 1880s set off a "return to nature," the frenzy, people feel attached to the role of synthetic drugs, natural herbal medicine to produce a sense of security, so that the plant extracts the development of rapid and overwhelming, along with Germany, Britain, the United States, Italy and other countries have already started the production of herbal extracts used in Chinese medicine health food. A food supplement use, the development of plant extracts can be a real upgrade.

The main active countries of plant extracts are the United States, Europe (including Germany, France), China, India, Korea, Japan and Brazil. The consumption of plant extracts in the United States accounted for more than 60% of the world. 2010 Asian herbal extracts market is estimated at $ 1.5 billion, about 4 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for about 26.7%; Japan $ 320 million, accounting for 21%.

The United States is one country with largest consumption of plant extract. Currently, the U.S. standard extract did not develop specific regulations, but many large U.S. pharmaceutical factories in the standard extract have its own strict quality requirements, while their price is also more sensitive. U.S. herbal raw materials irinotecan and 70% rely on imports from abroad, the product of raw herbs or extracts, extracts of single herbs, such as herbal medicine made from Ginkgo biloba, green tea, soy isoflavones, angelica, ginseng extract.

The EU generally uses plant extracts as raw materials of herbal products. It is one of the world's largest herbal markets, accounting for 45% of herbal sales worldwide, including Germany, France, Britain, the Netherlands, a large market share. In recent years, the development of the herbal medicine market in the EU faster than the chemical market. German plant extracts in the legislative process to allow the registration of registered medicines in Germany, about 800 kinds of herbal products has been approved as a prescription drug. Herbal preparations in France are the active ingredient from plants or plant; herbal preparations in the Netherlands refer to a plant or a certain part of the plant to extract the active material. Spain herbal preparations from extracts of plants or plant products. Visible, despite the differences in theory and cultural backgrounds, but part of the plant docetaxel extracts of traditional Chinese medicine as part of its active ingredients known and quantifiable, Western society has been generally accepted.

In Asian countries, the application of herbal medicine is very popular. China's traditional medicine, Kampo, Japan medicine and South Korea's oriental medicine also posse important positions in international community. Asian herbal extracts market is estimated at 700 million to $ 800 million. In 2004, China's extracts exports to Asia amounted to $ 88,660,000. It accounts for about 10 percent of its market share. In addition, the export of plant extracts to African countries has been in a very low level. Africa’s economy is relatively backward and underserved. Therefore there is a large potential market of Chinese medicine in Africa. China needs to vigorously develop it.Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Glutathione’s functions and usage

Reduced glutathione is a natural synthesis peptide in human cytoplasm. It is composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine and thiol. It is widely distributed in various organs within the body and has played an important role in maintaining cell biological functions. Reduced glutathione is the prosthetic group of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and the enzyme of glyoxal enzyme and triose dehydrogenase coenzyme. Astaxanthin involves in the in vivo TCA cycle and glucose metabolism.

Glutathione can activate a variety of enzymes, such as sulfhydryl enzymes. Thereby it contributes to the sugar, fat and protein metabolism and it can affect the metabolic processes of the cell. Combination of thiol free radicals can be converted into easy to metabolic the acids in order to accelerate the excretion of free radicals, help to reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy had no significant effect, such as protection of the renal tubules from cisplatin damage to the main mechanism for renal tubular cells containing glutathione peptide detoxification amide GGT pain cell does not have this enzyme, it does not affect the cytotoxic effect of this product while protecting normal tissue but organs. More obvious and the treatment of radiation enteritis; anemia, poisoning, or inflammation caused by systemic or local hypoxemia in patients, can reduce tissue damage and promote repair.

By the reaction of methyl transfer and switch C amino, GSH can protect the liver synthesis, detoxification, inactivated hormone function, and the promotion of bile acid metabolism, gastrointestinal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamin. Platinum smooth ammonium chloride, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, red than adriamycin, bleomycin chemotherapy, especially high-dose chemotherapy. At the same time, its radiation therapy in patients with a variety of hypoxemia: such as acute anemia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, etc., but also plays a significant role. Liver diseases: viral, drug toxicity, alcohol toxicity and liver damage caused by other chemicals toxic to the use of GSH. It can be used for the adjuvant treatment of organic phosphorus, amino or nitro compounds poisoning.

Dosage of reduced glutathione: intravenous: dissolve it in injection water and add l100 ml normal saline intravenous infusion of less than 20ml of normal saline with slow intravenous injection. In the biotin intramuscular administration: to be dissolved water for injection, intramuscular injection. In 15 minutes prior to chemotherapy drugs, 1.5g/m2 of GSH dissolved in 100 ml normal saline, intravenous infusion within 15 minutes, 2 to 5 days daily intramuscular injection of this product 600mg. In the use of cyclophosphamide for the prevention of urinary tract damage, it is recommended that intravenous injection product completed within 15 minutes immediately after the injection in CTX infusion use ammonium chloride platinum chemotherapy, the recommended dosage should not exceed 35mg/mgammonium chloride platinum, so as not to affect the effect of chemotherapy.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Resveratrol promotes human’s body health

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound from the rhizome extracts of polygonum cuspidatum. Polygonum cuspidatum is a perennial shrubby herb. Its height is more than one meter. It is distributed in central and southern China, produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Sichuan and other places. Resveratrol is still a natural product with great concerns in grapes and red wine. Previous studies found that these phenolic derivatives may play an important role in the prevention and improvement of diabetes and obesity. Resveratrol is not like what people think in past that it plays a direct role in aging proteins. But it is through the phosphate diesterase to inhibit the regulation of energy metabolism.

Researchers track and add the cell metabolism of resveratrol and found that resveratrol activity requires AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK participation. And before that resveratrol and aging silence regulate protein interaction point of view. A few years ago, researchers have found that resveratrol seems to activate the Sirtuin family of proteins in the protein, thereby improving the metabolic disorders related to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Scientists have found that high doses of a compound in grape skin, can improve the endurance of the muscle of mice, and this compound also keep them slim. After they found that this compound is resveratrol, the researchers also found this substance in the prevention of diabetes and obesity, improvement may also play an important role, but the exact mechanism is still not clear.

Resveratrol target proteins in skeletal muscle are a type 4 phosphodiesterase, resveratrol causes a series of cellular activity by inhibiting the PDE4.It contains activated silent regulatory proteins. Researchers through a series of experiments confirmed this view.

Many people have exaggerated the role of this substance. They think that through the intake of chia seed and resveratrol, they can achieve weight loss. But it should be noted that to achieve the role of resveratrol dose, one time intake of red wine is far from enough. If people drink hundreds bottles of red wine every day to achieve the required dose, this will cause side effects. The current research is limited to mice and other animal experiments. There are no conclusive evidences on the human body.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Effects and side effects of docetaxel

Docetaxel is a kind of clear viscous liquid which show light yellow or yellow color. It can be used for the failure of advanced election chemotherapy or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Unless it belongs to clinical contraindications, the initial treatment should include the anti-cancer drugs. Docetaxel is suitable for the failure of advanced cisplatin-based chemotherapy or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treatment.

Docetaxel is one of the taxol anticancer drugs. Currently the indications which are proved are breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Their drug mechanism of the microtubule network necessary to interfere with cellular mitosis and interphase cell function split the sky anti-tumor effect. Docetaxel combined with the free tubulin and promote tubulin assembly into stable microtubules while inhibiting their depolymerization, resulting in loss of normal function of microtubules in the generation and microtubule fixed, thus inhibiting cell mitosis. The combination of docetaxel with microtubule does not change the number of strands. This is different with the current clinical application of most of the spindle toxic drugs.

The side effects of docetaxel as follows: in the event of overdose, the patient should be moved to a special care unit and close monitoring of vital organs. Docetaxel is excessive, there is no antidote available. It can be expected to excessive complications, including neutropenia, abnormal skin reactions and feelings. In patients with abnormal liver function and the patients with high-dose treatment, prior platinum drug therapy, or patients with non-small cell lung cancer, if docetaxel dose and irinotecan reaches to 100mg/m2, the incidence of treatment-related deaths will increase.

Docetaxel can only be used for intravenous infusion. All patients must receive oral glucocorticoids before the advanced docetaxel treatment, such as the dexamethasone. It should be taken the day before the docetaxel infusion. It is 16mg every day. And the time should be insisting for at least three days in order to prevent allergic reactions and body fluids retention. The recommended dose of docetaxel is 70-75mg/m2 with intravenous infusion for one hour. It is once every three weeks. According to the calculation of the medication amount of patients, we can use a syringe to draw the required dose and dilute it to 5% glucose injection or 0.9% sdium chloride injection. It needs to be shaking gently and mixed. The concentration could not be larger than 0.74mg/m1. Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Market of glutathione in China

Cysteine ​​thiol of glutathione is active groups. They are easily combined with the iodoacetic acid, mustard gas, lead, mercury, arsenic and other heavy metal salt. Then it has the functions of the integration and detoxification. Glutathione (especially for the glutathione in liver cells has a very important physiological role. It is the integration and detoxification. It can be combined with certain drugs (such as paracetamol), toxins (such as free radicals, heavy metals) and involves in the biological transformation. It can transfer the poisons in our body to harmless substances, and then excretes it out of body.

GSH has a detoxication function for acrylonitrile, fluoride, carbon monoxide, heavy metals and organic solvents. It can protect the red cell membrane and prevents hemolysis. Thereby reducing methemoglobin. GSH can improve symptoms due to radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, or leukopenia caused by the use of oncology drugs and bone marrow due to radiation-induced inflammation. GSH can inhibit the formation of fatty liver, improve the symptoms of infectious hepatitis, the treatment of drug poisoning hepatitis more positive effect. GSH could to correct the acetylcholine, cholinesterase imbalance, thereby eliminating allergy symptoms caused by this imbalance;

GSH on the anoxia discomfort, nausea, vomiting, itching and other symptoms and other symptoms caused by liver disease, but also improves the role. GSH prevents the formation of melanin and reduce its oxidation. GSH inhibit the crystal protein thiol instability, which can inhibit the progressive cataract and corneal and retinal diseases.

GSH as functional food raw materials to produce liver, whitening beauty, anti-old, and detoxification vent toxic products. Decomposition of GSH inhibit the nucleic acid in the meat, poultry and seafood, to prevent browning, and to maintain and enhance the unique flavor of seafood and meat. In the processing of flour and tretinoin products, GSH can improve dough processing properties and color. In dairy products, GSH plays a role of antioxidants in fruits and vegetables in the food and beverage, to be effective in preventing browning and keep the original and attractive color, flavor and nutrition.

GSH for health care products and cosmetics, the rapid development of the trend of increasing market share year after year. In particular, the Japanese market, the range of products has reached dozens. Mainly used in the recovery after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, liver, whitening, the discharge of heavy metals as well as aging. There are almost no astaxanthin products on the Chinese market. Nearly 10 million worldwide each year number of cancer deaths, the number of deaths per year in China reached 1.3 million, an annual increase of cancer incidence of about 1.6 million people, about 4.6 million cancer patients, radiotherapy and chemotherapy the number of people accounted for about 1 / 2; 230 million. Calculated to the total population of about 200 million young and middle-aged women in the beauty market, its market is huge potential for whitening there is a demand and spending power of about 25% for the 50 million people.

Calculate by 10% e market share of GSH products, the annual market sales are approximately $ 230 billion. If the raw materials account for 8% of the product’s price, raw materials demand for functional food annually will reach 1.8 billion RMB. GSH is not only a pharmaceutical raw material, but also has a wide range of applications in areas such as food, health products and cosmetics. The mankind has entered into the glutathione era. Glutathione will quickly become an important indicator for people to measure health like cholesterol. Source: http://www.cosprm.com

Research progress of Irinotecan‘s delaying diarrhea

Irinotecan is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I. It is used for first-line treatment on recurrence and worsening of metastatic colorectal cancer after standard chemotherapy regimens. In addition, it also has certain effects on small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and lymphoma. However, delayed diarrhea is the drug toxicity of irinotecan restrictive. Clinical studies show that 20% to 40% of patients who receive the product for treatment have 3 to 4 diarrhea and it causes the early termination of chemotherapy program. Researchers have done extensive research to find a treatment and prevention for irinotecan’s delaying diarrhea.

Intestinal carboxylesterase, in the intestinal lumen, irinotecan directly into the active metabolite SN-38. Human intestinal biopsy suggests the presence of carboxylesterase, and in vitro tests can be irinotecan into SN-38. Suggesting that inhibition of carboxylesterase in the intestine, reducing the concentration of the active docetaxel metabolite SN-38, may reduce the incidence of delayed diarrhea. Accordingly, the design and synthesis of high affinity intestinal carboxylic acid esterase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition of sulfa derivatives carboxylesterase inhibitors. Scientists also study the molecular mechanisms of the selective inhibitor of carboxylesterase to prevent and treat intestinal toxicity of irinotecan. These studies may provide an effective measure for the clinical prevention of delayed diarrhea.

There are clinical antibiotics for the prevention of delayed diarrhea caused by irinotecan. Studies have shown that during treatment with oral neomycin and bacitracin to reduce the incidence of diarrhea, reduce diarrhea extent. Also confirmed the role of the flora in the incidence of adverse reactions. Young flavin can increase the concentration of UGT1A1 in the intestinal cells. The chrysin reduce irinotecan diarrhea caused by mechanisms may be the active metabolite SN-38 a large number converted into inactive SN-38G. Clinical studies also suggest that patients with delayed reduction in the incidence of diarrhea, the utilization rate of imudium reduces. But the research is still need for further randomized clinical validation.

Chinese medicine believes that drug-induced diarrhea is due to all causes stomach the loss of operation of the division, the disorders caused by intestinal conduction. Treatment to Jianpihuashitang for the basic rule. Application to reconcile the reports of gastrointestinal treatment of chemotherapy adverse reactions diarrhea a lot. The available experimental studies have shown that it has to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa, regulate systemic immune function, inhibit COX-2, scavenging reactive oxygen species role, with the role of multi-channel and multi-target.

In short, imudium is a symptomatic medicine to cure the delayed diarrhea. But with the imudium and chia seed dosage increasing, the occurrence possibility of adverse reactions of paralytic ileus increases. From the present findings, we can use antibiotic inhibit bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity and change the metabolic pathway or reduce intestinal active metabolite concentrations. It can prevent and reduce incidences of delaying diarrhea. It may be an alternative to the prevention and reduction of irinotecan’s delaying diarrhea. But the former’s effect still needs further confirmation from large-scale multi-center randomized clinical trial. The latter lacks of clinical random verification and experimental research. With the deepening of irinotecan delayed diarrhea mechanism, an effective prevention and treatment measures will be found for delaying diaeehea.Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Nature of astaxanthin

For understanding the role of astaxanthin in human body, it is necessary to know the role of oxygen on the human body. It will relate to the nature of oxygen. Oxygen is investigate transported to any parts of the body by erythrocyte, thus it raises the discussion of nature of red blood cells. The nature of red blood cells is iron. Iron is one main raw material of hemoglobin in advanced aerobic biological synthesis. It is also has bi-directional capability. It delivers oxygen to various parts of the life, transports and releases carbon dioxide in tissue glutathione metabolism to the lungs. Then it will go out of the body.

Contact with any substance will be any material atoms in the outer electronic and run atoms then obtain electronic movement due to the properties of the oxygen is oxygen, the iron in the electronic movement has played the role of conductor, constituted by the iron hemoglobin oxygen carrier. If the constant friction with plastic comb the fur on, you can with a plastic comb paper adsorption up, which is generated by the friction call? Red blood cells every second, when to do it two-way function is also in the friction in the other block the normal operation of the electric field, I referred to this block of the normal operation of the electric field of the electrostatic field. Because aerobic vivo the role of the electrostatic field of two undesirable hidden: an aerobic cells can not get enough oxygen; two cell surfaces resides not promptly excreted carbon dioxide.

Astaxanthin’s essence is to absorb carbon dioxide. Astaxanthin is a prime rain pluvialis extract, astaxanthin essentially is to lift the retention of carbon dioxide within the body. Today, everyone knows us inhaling fresh oxygen to breathe out carbon dioxide, but it further to think that our body will still reside on the carbon dioxide?

The outcome of the biological sciences in medical science, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, migraine headaches, brain lipids, macular visual cataract and glaucoma, the failure of sexual function, osteoporosis, skin rough evaluation of the medical profession gives the best is: Astaxanthin, a natural, the best anti-oxidants! Astaxanthin used in hypertension, high cholesterol, high and low blood sugar, yellow eyes, the retina is not clear, headache, arthralgia hands and feet, insomnia, constipation, skin rough and any inflammations.

The use of astaxanthin: if the patient’s bowel has a variety of colors, the one is severe for sub-health. He should continuous take until the stool showing a single yellow. It is best to stick using it for the one with the yellow eyes. The biotin drug should be taken until the eyes turn from yellow to blue or white. The one with headache could insist suing it until no headaches. Insomnia patients can be corrected to no longer insomnia. Skin becomes delicate after a few days later. The visible, high cholesterol, high blood pressure high or low blood sugar need more time to cure. Because astaxanthin oxide can clear the cells, the fatty layer of cells, it can achieve anti-inflammatory, especially for recessive inflammation. Comparing to detoxify drugs and food, astaxanthin has no side effects. The former tends to contain certain types of drugs with stimulation for intestinal excretion. The latter is to repair the original cells.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Effect of resveratrol on atherosclerosis

Modern pharmacological studies have shown that resveratrol has multiple beneficial effects, such as the regulation of lipid metabolism, inhibition of LDL oxidation and platelet aggregation, cardiovascular protection, ischemic injury, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. Therefore, the protective effect of resveratrol on cardiovascular system is becoming a hot spot.

Resveratrol can inhibit LDL oxidation and protect endothelial cells of oxidized LDL injury. It plays a protective role in early atherosclerosis. The study confirmed that resveratrol can effectively remove the hydroxyl oxygen, peroxides and metal free radicals and protect the lipid peroxidation and DNA damage caused by oxygen free radicals. Resveratrol can weaken the production of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen free radicals, reduce the savings of intracellular calcium, inhibition of cytochrome C release and apoptotic protein caspase 3 activity, thereby protecting oxLDL injury endothelial cells.

It is found that resveratrol can inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of VCAM-1, and can prevent monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Resveratrol diminished STAT3 phosphorylation inhibition of interleukin-induced ICAM-1 gene expression. Studies have shown that resveratrol and glutathione have inhibitions in transplanting human saphenous vein endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, and prevent neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells.

Advanced glycation end products can contribute to stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and a concentration and time dependent manner, while resveratrol can significantly inhibit the SHRSP of VSMC proliferation, as well as DNA synthesis and secondary aminoacyl-hydroxylase activity. Resveratrol can inhibit the expression of transforming growth factor gene.

Resveratrol is a phytoestrogen, can combine with estrogen receptor in the human body and play estrogen-like effects, so for the cardiovascular system may have estrogen-like protective effect. Resveratrol may be associated with the ER signal rapid activation of the anti-atherosclerotic role of resveratrol promote eNOS gene expression can not be blocked by the ER antagonist, on isolated pig coronary vasodilation has not been the ER antagonist impact. Resveratrol is mainly in the fast activated by non-genetic means ER play an estrogen-like protective effect.

Resveratrol and its derivatives are a class of plant polyphenols studied by many scientists in recent years. Their anti-atherosclerotic role has gradually become a hot topic. But mechanisms of chia seed and it  are far from clear, such as the effect of resveratrol on the ion channels, as well as the exact signal transduction pathway and how does the relationship of dose against atherosclerosis. They all need further study. With in-depth study of resveratrol and its derivatives. It can be expected to open up new ideas for drug development in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Glutathione and antioxidant

Glutathione is a peptide of three amino acids. It almost exists in every cell of the body. Glutathione can effectively work in the human body under the conditions of the cells and their precursors (vitamin C and alpha lipoic acid). Glutathione helps to maintain normal immune system’s function. There is an effective immune response occurred in the breeding lymphocytes (cell-mediated specific immunity). The immune system of cells produces many oxiradicals. Because their normal operation requires a higher concentration of antioxidants, glutathione played an important role.

Glutathione has a variety of important physiological functions in vivo, in particular plays a vital role in the maintenance of appropriate vivo redox environment. It participates in the detoxification of foreign body and electrophilic metabolites, is an effective free radical scavenger, protect cells from the damage of reactive oxygen compounds. As early as the 1920s and 1930s, began its study. Now, glutathione as a drug already widely used in people, treatment of many diseases, but also as a functional food and nutrition fortifier used in food processing industry. Japan and other developed countries in the 1950s began to glutathione and actively developed as a biologically active additives used in the production of health food. On glutathione late start, especially food, is the first start-up phase.

In aquaculture, adding the appropriate dose of glutathione and astaxanthin can improve the antioxidant capacity of tilapia muscle tissue and vannamei pancreas, grass carp and tilapia serum IGF - 1 levels, to promote this the growth of several aquatic animals. China is still not glutathione reports for use in ruminant animals. In addition, glutathione can improve the lactating animal's lactation glutathione to maintain the biological function of the male and female embryonic cells, improve the conception rate and promote the early development of the embryo. Thus, glutathione can improve the reproductive performance of animals.

In recent years, with the glutathione widely used in various fields, its production methods have been studied extensively. Manufacturing methods of glutathione are solvent extraction, chemical synthesis, fermentation and enzymatic. In early tome, glutathione production is mostly solvent extraction and chemical synthesis, is used mainly by microbial fermentation (especially yeast fermentation), using recombinant DNA technology to build high-yielding engineered bacteria is the main object of the present study and focus on chemical synthesis law and yeast fermentation industrialized production of glutathione, the enzymatic production of glutathione is in the laboratory research stage, yet to achieve industrialization. Currently, glutathione’s higher prices limit the research and application of glutathione and tretinoin in animal production. Glutathione becomes a cosmetic raw material, feed additives and therapeutic agents using in certain poultry diseases. In addition to carrying out extensive and in-depth study, it is also particularly important to reduce its production costs.Source:http://www.cosprm.com

The role of resveratrol

Natural resveratrol is a natural active ingredient. It can have distribution and biosynthesis in plants with the state of free and glycosidic combination. They all have antioxidant performance. The biological activity of trans-isomer is stronger than cis and it is an important grape phytoalexins. People conduct an extensive study of its natural resources. There are at least 21 families, 31 genera and 72 species of plants which have rich resveratrol. Many plants including resveratrol are common medicinal plants, such as cssia, vratrum nigrum and polygonum cuspidatum. The highest content of resveratrol is in grape skins.

Resveratrol is a natural antioxidant which can reduce blood viscosity, inhibit platelet aggregation and vasodilation and keep the blood flow. It can prevent the occurrence of cancer, the development of anti-atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease and high blood cholestero. The role of tumor suppression also has estrogen-like effects, can be used to treat breast cancer and other diseases.

Resveratrol can inhibit cell inflammation. Cell inflammation associated with arthritis and other diseases. Resveratrol can inhibit protein tyrosine kinase catalytic tyrosine phosphorylation of material. The kinase chia seed contains the cytoplasmic signal transduction in the regulation of mitotic cells. The use of resveratrol to inhibit protein tyrosine kinase may be anti-mutagenic effects by blocking the kinase function sky.

Rich in traditional Chinese medicine Polygonum cuspidatum resveratrol treatment and prevention of high blood cholesterol and atherosclerosis. The Resveratrol play the anti-atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease prevention to the cardiovascular protective effects. Resveratrol and its derivatives are much-studied in recent years a class of phytoalexins its cardiovascular protective effects gradually become a research hotspot is expected to make a difference in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, drug development, but its The mechanism of action is far from clear, pending further study.

Resveratrol can inhibit lipoxygenase synthetic enzyme present in the white blood cells, heart, brain, lung and spleen. Resveratrol prevents the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels. And clonidine this antihypertensive docetaxel treatment, it also inhibits platelet build-up. Resveratrol catarrhal bacteria, coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibition, and orphan virus, herpes simplex virus and enterovirus were strongly inhibited. Effects of resveratrol to reduce platelet adhesion, platelet activity of anti-inflammatory are changed in the anti-inflammatory process.

Resveratrol has anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial roles. It becomes people's favorite plant sources. Frenchman consumption of a variety of high fat matter contains resveratrol, so the Frenchman's crown heart disease incidence of the end of the other western countries, and from this information can be learned that resveratrol effectively suppress the high-fat preventive effect.

Although many people know that resveratrol can suppress the fat, Chinese has not extensive use it in weight loss products. Resveratrol can not only have anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effects, as well as the effect of weight loss. So resveratrol has become the group's new study on weight loss products. Resveratrol technology can not only asthma phlegm, inhibit bacteria, treat abdominal pain, diarrhea, spleen and stomach, but also fully clear fat. It can be called as king of health. Source:http://www.cospcn.com