The Role of Biotin In The Glutamic Acid Fermentation

As a cosmetic raw material, biotin has important influence to glutamic acid biological synthesis methods. At present, the application of glutamic acid produce bacteria in industrial have glutamic acid corynebacterium, lactose fermentation short bacillus, scattered branches short bacillus, yellow short bacillus, bite ammonia short bacillus, etc.

The strains in common use in our country are Beijing rod rod bacteria, pure tooth corynebacterium, etc. Glutamic biosynthetic pathway is roughly by glycolysis of glucose (EMP approach) and hexose phosphate branch (HMP way) generation pyruvic acid, then oxidized to acetyl CoA (acetyl CoA), and then enter the Krebs cycle, generating alpha ketoglutarate. Alpha ketoglutarate in glutamate dehydrogenase catalytic and NH + 4 existence condition, generation glutamic acid. In the glutamic acid fermentation process, the influence factors of strains metabolic pathway. Glutamic acid produce bacteria need growth factor biotin. When biotin are lacking, strains grow very slowly, When biotin excess, the converted to lactic acid fermentation. Therefore, usually control the biotin in the moderate conditions, to get high yield of glutamic acid.

In the glutamic acid fermentation industry, corn steep liquor is an important source of biotin, also it is one way of biotin manufacturer produces biotin. But the composition of corn steep liquor different with the sources of the raw materials and processing methods. So the glutamic acid fermentation production process, corn pulp raw material should be decided according to the production condition.

In the glutamic acid fermentation, if it can change the permeability of cell membrane, make the glutamic acid row to cell outside continuously, it can get a lot of glutamic acid accumulation. Research shows that what affect the cell membrane permeability is the main factor in the cell membrane phosphatide content. Therefore, the produce of glutamic acid bacteria breeding, often from the control of the phospholipids in cell membranes of synthesis or damaged, such as biotin defect type strains breeding. Biotin is not saturated fatty acid synthesis process for acetyl CoA of CoA. Biotin defect type strains for not synthetic biotin, thus inhibiting the unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. And the unsaturated fatty acid is one of the components of phospholipids. Therefore, the synthesis of phospholipid quantity also reduced correspondingly, this would lead to cell membrane structure is complete, improve cell membrane to glutamic permeability. In fermentation process, the adjust and control of oxygen, temperature, pH and phosphate, etc are as follows: (1) the oxygen. Glutamic acid produce bacteria is aerobic bacteria, ventilation and mixing will influence not only strains source of nitrogen and carbon sources utilization,but also affect the synthesis of glutamate fermentation period and quantity. Especially the fermentation period, the increasing ventilation to glutamic acid synthesis. (2) the temperature. The growth of bacteria’s optimum temperature is 30 ~ 32 ℃. When bacteria growth to stationary phase, increasing temperature to produce acid, therefore, in the fermentation period, the temperature can be increased to 34 ~ 37 ℃. (3) pH. Glutamic acid bacteria fermentation produced the optimum pH in 7.0 ~ 8.0. But in the fermentation process, with the use of nutrients, metabolite accumulation, nutrient solution of pH changes continually. With the use of such as nitrogen source, release ammonia, pH will rise; When sugar is used generating organic acid, pH will decline. (4) phosphate. It is in the process of glutamic acid fermentation must be, but concentration too much, otherwise you will turn to valine fermentation. After the fermentation, commonly used ion exchange resin method of extraction. Glutamic acid in addition to used in the manufacture of monosodium glutamate outside, still can be used to treat neurasthenia and nutritional injection preparation, etc. Although the glutamic acid fermentation have greatly improved in quality and other aspects in China, but compare with the foreign advanced level, There are still exists a certain gap between compared. Mainly displays in: the old equipment, the scale is small, the automatic control level, the conversion and extraction efficiency is low, vulnerable to phage pollution, waste water pollution problem has not been fully resolved, etc.

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