Study situation and development trend of veterinary pharmaceutical raw materials

Most of veterinary medicines are natural products and they can be directly used as medicine. The majority of Chinese medicines need simple processing and concocted medicine, such as wolfberry, rhizome and black snake. Traditional veterinary drugs in compound or single-flavor powder mostly use the original product as bulk drugs. For example, pulsatilla, copts, phellodendron, orange peel and rhubarb need to be made of single-flavor powder. The clinical application of the extract composition increases palatability and improves the efficacy including compound, single herb. They all contain all Chinese herbal medicine active ingredients. The medicines ingredients are not clear, and the related products belong to third-category drugs.

At present, China has more than 600 Chinese herbal medicine production bases in planting area of ​​1,800 acre and 2000 acre; 600 kinds of commonly used herbs, and extensive cultivation of over 400 kinds, the annual output of 300,000 tons, accounting for about 70% of the supply; than 400 kinds of wild Chinese herbal medicines, the annual output of 400,000 tons. Traditional Chinese medicine resources are approximately 12 807 species. There are 7000 kinds of folk medicine (herbal medicine) AND 4000 kinds of folk medicines.

The main factors that influencing veterinary pharmaceutical raw materials’ quality are the low level of modernization of Chinese medicine, the lack of standards, inspection and supervision system and institutions are not perfect. In planting and breeding area of ​​a wider area under cultivation of different sizes, the heterogeneity of production and business conditions significantly affect the growth environment and growth habit of the performance of Chinese herbal medicines. Residues of pesticides, fertilizers, excessive, excessive heavy metals, light the lack of time resulting in potency to change, increase in drug toxicity.

In veterinary medicine is one of the future animal disease prevention, treatment and care of the preferred drug. Modernization of veterinary medicine in veterinary medicine the golden key to open the international market. Improve the veterinary raw materials in drug production and processing technologies, to develop a standardized system for standardization of clinical treatment, to ensure the clinical safety of medication. Accelerate innovative research and development of veterinary drugs in pharmaceutical raw materials and conversion of the pace of domestic and international market competitiveness enhanced in veterinary medicine.

China should speed up the traditional Chinese medicine cultivation techniques to optimize the traditional Chinese medicine seed cultivation, optimization of planting base of the surrounding environment, the development of Chinese herbal medicines ecological planting and breeding model, the use of biotechnology to develop new ideas of Chinese docetaxel medicine cultivation. China needs to carry out the study of veterinary pharmaceutical raw materials and improve the biological control of Chinese herbal medicine diseases and insect pests.

Wild medicinal plant species in China reached more than 10,000 kinds. They have a broader application and a significant effect. But it lacks of standards and can not get the recognition and promotion. The average well-known international pharmaceutical companies come up with more than 20% of profits each year for scientific research. The majority of enterprises paid insufficient attention to research and development investments. In China, there only more than 500 species of plants which has a more systematic study. There are more than 100 kinds of medicinal plants are found. But the United States and other countries invest a lot of money for research and development of wild medicinal plants each year.

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Glutathione’s whitening effect

Whitening of glutathione needs cell and their precursors so that it can work effectively in the body. It plays an effective immune response in the breeding lymphocytes (cell-mediated specific immunity). In addition, the cells’ immune system produces many oxiradicals. Because their normal operation requires a higher concentration of antioxidants.

Strengthening the human immune system's immune activity involves smooth lymphocytes and antibody production needs to maintain normal levels within lymphocytes. Antioxidants and free radical scavenger glutathione has harmful effects of environmental protection role, including bacteria, viruses, pollutants and free radicals. Other antioxidants，for example glutathione and other important antioxidants such as vitamins C and E should de their jobs wee and fully protect the body from attacking by diseases.

Glutathione itself is vulnerable to certain substances oxidation, so it is in the body to protect the many proteins and enzymes and molecules of the thiol is not such as oxidation of free radicals and other harmful substances, so that the protein and enzyme molecules play their physiological function. Glutathione content in human red blood cells a lot of the protection of the red blood cell membrane protein thiol in the Restore state to prevent the hemolysis of great significance, but also can protect the hemoglobin is not highly oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, free radical oxidation so that it continued to normal in The play's ability to transport oxygen. Hemoglobin in red blood cells in the part of the role of hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants, the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron to make hemoglobin into methemoglobin, thus losing the aerobic capacity. Glutathione both direct combination with hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants to form water and oxidized glutathione, and also are able to methemoglobin reduction hemoglobin.

Body whitening active peptides inhibit the formation of melanin, adjust the peroxy radicals enhanced oxygen mercapto and SOK repair by skin, moistening rejuvenation effects, against melasma, pregnancy spots, sunburn, and dark spots. Speckle whitening active peptide is characterized by rapid reversal of the pathological function of cells as early as age aging, inhibit oxidation and prevent the formation of melanin, promote metabolism, effectively weakening and stains, whitening the skin. To take the spot whitening active peptide endothelin antagonist, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, the effectiveness of one injection technology for the world's first extract.

Latest biomedical research found that endothelin-active peptides can promote melanoma cell’s division. The cosmetic raw material also improves the resistance of melanin free radicals. The reasons for inducing skin pigmentation and aging are the role of peroxy radicals generated in cell physiology the process, as well as the enhancement of tyrosinase activity. Active peptide containing oxygen mercapto and SOD can inhibit tyrosinase activity, scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the formation of melanocytes. Glutathione whitening active peptides can not only lightening, it can also rapid remove melanin and yellow pigment of body. Its whitening effect is remarkable.

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Application of resveratrol in cardiovascular disease

Resveratrol has become one of the focuses in recent years. A large number of studies have shown that resveratrol has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti bacterial anti inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti cancer. In the cardiovascular system, it has the functions of antioxidant, free radical scavenging, inhibiting platelet aggregation, regulation of blood lipids and preventing arterial atherosclerosis. In addition, researchers found the most effective way for curved cholesterol interference. Mixed red wine with garlic can have anti-cholesterol effect. After a mixture of both, it will play a double utility on bile in the blood shield alcohol. The falconoid can remove the fat which is attached to the artery. Thus it prevents the occurrence of coronary heart disease.

Effects of resveratrol on ventricular K channel resveratrol may affect the open state of the channel and the inhibition of HERG current inactivation state, allowing the myocardial cell repolarization time extended to improve tachyarrhythmia, the HERG channel resveratrol new target for anti-arrhythmic effects. In addition, pharmaceutical raw materials resveratrol can significantly enhance the chronic activation of the delayed rectifier potassium current, and thus action potential, delayed rectifier K + current is increased, fast repolarization of action potential duration shortening the effective refractory period to reduce the dose-dependent manner. For the early after-depolarization-induced torsades de pointes-type arrhythmias may play therapy.

Resveratrol in vitro antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity is low, and showed strong antioxidant activity in the body, mainly through the induction of NO synthesis play a role. Trans-resveratrol can inhibit the induction of Cu ² of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol peroxidation, further study showed that resveratrol than other polyphenols such as catechin, epicatechin and quercetin inhibit the induction of LDL oxidation is more obvious, mainly from veratryl alcohol has a strong Cu² chelating ability. Resveratrol can increase intracellular antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase levels, enhance cellular antioxidant capacity.

Oxidized LDL can promote endothelial cell apoptosis channel activation, including those associated with the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis. The inhibition of vascular endothelial cell apoptosis may prevent or reduce the occurrence of thrombosis. Resveratrol through a variety of different ways plays the therapeutic efficacy, antipyretic and analgesic activity. Resveratrol does not affect blood pressure gives the gastric mucosal resistance to gastric secretion by suppression of stress ulcer.

With the deepening study of resveratrol, in the pharmaceutical industry, in particular in food industry, resveratrol is more and more widely used. It can also be added to a variety of health wine. Many wine producers regard resveratrol content as one of wine performance standards.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Commonly used chemical raw materials in cosmetics

The cosmetics are made from a variety of chemical raw materials with the formula. The pros and cons of cosmetic quality is not only affected by the formulation, processing technology and manufacturing equipment conditions, but also is mainly determined by the chemical quality of raw materials. There are a wide range of raw materials for cosmetics and there are always new materials available. But there are seven types of basic chemical raw materials in cosmetics.

The powder raw material is the raw materials composed of the matrix powder, talcum powder, rouge and other cosmetics. Mainly from the cover, smooth, absorption and other effects. Powder-based raw materials have a certain fineness of inorganic compounds, such as talc, kaolin, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide.

The raw materials of perfume are composed of perfume, hair minoxidil oil and other liquid matrix. Mainly from the dissolution, dilution and other effects. Ethanol is commonly used in cosmetics. The emulsifier is made of grease, wax and water emulsion of raw materials. There are a large part of cosmetics, such as cold cream, vanishing cream, milk, water and oil emulsion. Emulsifier is to promote the formation of the emulsion, to improve the stability of the emulsion. Control of emulsion type, oil water based or oil in water type.

Fats and waxes is the basic raw materials to form Cream cosmetics and hair wax, lipstick, wax cosmetics, skin care, lubrication role. Grease and wax used in cosmetics are mostly natural products, such as coconut oil, olive oil, lanolin, beeswax, spermaceti, etc.

The flavor is given a certain aroma of cosmetics raw materials. It is one of the key raw materials for cosmetics. The flavor is deployed from a variety of raw materials mixture. Cosmetics, flavors and natural synthesis of the two, taken from the natural flora and fauna, such as musk, castoreum, civet, jasmine oil, rose oil, synthetic fragrances is obtained by chemical synthesis methods.

The pigment is given a certain color of cosmetic raw materials. People choose cosmetic often with visual, touch, smell, feel, and color is the most sensitive part of the visual pigment. Its production is extremely important for cosmetic raw material suppliers. Cosmetic pigments can be divided into synthetic pigments, inorganic pigments and natural pigments into three categories.

Preservatives and antioxidants are the raw materials preventing cosmetic deterioration. Preservatives will prevent microbial growth and antioxidants can prevent fat rancidity. Since most cosmetics contain water, in addition there are gums, fatty acids, protein, vitamins and so on. They are all vulnerable to have deterioration due to the microbial functions. Some the cosmetics must add a certain amount of preservatives and antioxidants, in which preservative is particularly necessary.

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Exports of Chinese bulk drugs will continue maintain rapid growth in 2012

In 2011, exports of Chinese west bulk drugs were 4.98 million tons with an increase of 23.39%. The total exports were $ 20.3 billion by an increase of 26.19%. The average export price was $ 4.07 / kg with an increase of 2.27%. The export volume and export value of bulk drugs both have more than 23% growth. There was a slight increase in average export price. It can be seen that in 2011 exports market of Chinese bulk drugs show a strong recovery trend.

In 2011, the top ten markets of China's API exports are identical to 2010.But India has replaced the U.S. as the largest export destination country for Chinese API. 2011 China's API exports of the top ten markets are compared to a substantial increase, but the six-market average export price fell, reflecting the major markets, price competition remains intense.

In 2011, there were a total of 8563 pharmaceutical raw materials suppliers in exporting drug products. Among the companies whose exports ranked in the top ten, 80% of manufacturers indicating the production of more advantages than the foreign trade enterprises. It is the leader of the exports of bulk drugs. The export volume of the top ten companies have a more substantial increase, an increase of 80% of the enterprises in more than 20%, reflecting the good operating condition of the leading companies. But 40% of the average export price dropped a reflection of the leading enterprises face greater competitive pressures.

From the current situation, in 2012 China's exports of bulk drugs will show the following trends: the export of bulk drugs will continue to maintain rapid growth. The global pharmaceutical market grew 5% to 7%, reaching $ 880 billion in 2011. The global pharmaceutical market will be an increase of 4 percent to 7 percent compound annual growth rate. Therefore, the demand of the international market for the drug substance is stable growth.

In recent years, while production costs on the rise, but the enterprise is more focused on Revamp, self-digest, export price increases is limited, so the prices of bulk drugs in China is still quite competitive. Plus factors of Chinese enterprises in the high-end quality certification, the development of maturity patent bulk drugs, following the efforts of the international federation of pharmaceutical. The production outsourcing and multinational pharmaceutical production are transferred to China. China's API exports remained stable high-speed development. It is expected in 2012, chia seed will maintain a growth rate of 20%.

Export growth will be mainly reflected in the increase of the number. The price will be flat or increase slightly. The rigid demand of pharmaceutical market determines the demand for bulk drugs number. China's huge production capacity needs to be digested in the international market which will promote China's exports of bulk drugs to maintain a steady growth in the number. But with the situation of production surplus in Chinese bulk raw material drug, competition fierce, slow international economic recovery and currency devaluation in a number of nations, Chinese bulk drugs’ export price is difficult to rise. But cost increase in all aspects also makes the export price without downstream space. Therefore, prices of pharmaceutical raw materials are likely to remain stable or rise slightly.
 Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Production applications and special features of biotin

Biotin was originally called vitamin H, belonging to the family of water-soluble B vitamins. Biotin is composed by the imidazole ring and a tetrahydrocannabinol with valerate. It is the thiophene sulfur monocarboxylate. Nutritionists have extensive and in-depth study in functions of biotin.

Glucokinase is a key enzyme regulating liver glucose intake. The lack of biotin in mice glucose tolerance test curve, hepatic glucose phosphorylation and glycogen storage was significantly higher than non-deficient mice, which is caused by liver glucokinase activity. Sufficient quantities and pharmacological doses of biotin in the diet of liver glucokinase activity and is not limited to biotin-deficient mice, diabetic mice and in vitro cultured mouse liver cells are equally effective. Using molecular biology techniques can prove that the stimulus effect of biotin occurs at the transcriptional level.

Biotin as a coenzyme of the carboxylase, can also regulate gene expression, such as development and immune system processes in the body plays a broader role. The biotin regulates the expression of key genes of intermediary metabolism that role and biological factors involved in the maintenance of body glucose and lipid homeostasis role of. Biotin deficiency and to reduce glucose tolerance and glucose utilization. Excess of biotin can improve diabetes status. Supplementary biotin reduced the postprandial glucose concentration in patients with hereditary diabetic mice and induced non-insulin-dependent diabetic mice improved their glucose tolerance.

Pharmacological doses of biotin can reduce blood lipid levels. The cosmetic raw material suppliers’experiments show that healthy volunteers’ lipid concentration decreased after oral administration of biotin. Atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia patients daily doses of 5 mg of biotin, the lower of hypercholesterolemia after 4 weeks. Biotin in the role of the carbohydrate metabolism and its pharmacological doses of non-toxic, showing biotin for the treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, obesity prevention and other aspects will have great application prospects.

Animal physiology, animal biochemistry, immunology and other disciplines, people continue to discover the biological function of the nutrients. In recent decades the study of biotin, biotin plays an important role in immune function, and promote the growth of immune organs. Early tests showed that biotin deficiency, combined with 32P into RNA and DNA was inhibited, resulting in the DNA content of the spleen cell division capacity and organ decline in cell proliferation was inhibited.

Biotin can improve animal performance in production. It is also used in the treatment of human diabetes. To date, research on action mechanism of biotin is already underway. As people gradually have deep understanding of the biotin, biotin as an indispensable additive in animal nutrition, the increasing roles will gradually be revealed. It can be predicted that biotin has a broader application in the production of animal, human health care and skin care.

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Clinical research of irinotecan in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase Ⅰ inhibitor. In 1980s, people found that irinotecan can play role in of Topo I and have a very important intervention function in the DNA space configuration, replication, recombination, transcription, and mitosis process. It makes the DNA single-strand and double strand breaks and induce cancer cells wither die. Therefore, it becomes an anticancer drug widely used in clinical. In recent years, it was discovered that many anti-cancer drugs interfere DNA replication through the topo enzymes. They also though the recombination and gene expression to play the efficacy. The various inhibitors using enzyme DNATopo for target molecules design have become a new hot spot for cancer chemotherapy research. In the late 1990s, with oxaliplatin, irinotecan and other new drugs come out, the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer has achieved important progress. The efficiency and lifetimes are significant improved.

Irinotecan is one of the new camptothecin drugs. Camptothecin department of an alkaloid extracted from Camptotheca acuminata fruit of Dravidian involucrata plant or root, the main clinical for digestive malignancies, but due to its water solubility is poor and difficult to predict severe toxicity limits its further application. Irinotecan for the semi-synthetic camptothecin derivative anti-tumor activity, in the form of hydrochloride, water-soluble and better.

Irinotecan plasma concentrations of irinotecan and sport were eliminating often index. The mean elimination half-life of 6 to 12 hours, the active metabolite SN-3 8 elimination half-life of 10 to 20 hours. Lactone and hydroxy acid is a chemical equilibrium, so the active lactone and SN-38 half-life similar to the complete half-life of irinotecan Kang and SN-38. The area under the curve of the intensity of the main side effects with the parent drug and its metabolite SN -38 of. In monotherapy, hematological toxicity or diarrhea, the degree of irinotecan and its metabolite SN-38 under the curve area was significantly related.

Pharmaceutical raw materials irinotecan‘s effect in the field of clinical colorectal cancer are significant. But the unpredictable toxicity inconvenience to patients and clinicians. Irinotecan healthy dose limiting toxicity of diarrhea and neutrophils to reduce. Its toxic side effects of high fat rate is a thorny issue, because the toxic effects can cause patients with dehydration, infection, discomfort, add other drug treatment (such as antidiarrheal economic, parenteral rehydration and colony-stimulating factor use) as needed, hospitalization, death and so on. Early studies have shown that SN-38 conversion to reduce the serious side effects caused by irinotecan is closely related to the activity of the SN-38G.

Irinotecan is a semi-synthetic derivative of camptothecin. It can specific inhibit DNA topoisomerase I. In most organizations, it is metabolized by carboxylesterase and becomes SN-38. The activity of the latter is greater than irinotecan on topology.  And cytotoxicity of several mouse and human tumor cell lines are also stronger than Irinotecan. SN-38 or irinotecan can induce single-stranded DNA damage, thereby blocking the DNA replication fork and resulting in cytotoxicity. This cytotoxicity is time dependent and has specific role in S phase. In vitro experiments, researchers did not find that irinotecan and SN-38 can be effectively identified by P-glycoprotein MDR. It shows that it still has toxic effect on the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and vinca alkali resistant cell lines.

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Natural astaxanthin can protect eyes and central nervous system

Oxidation in the human body is just like the metal rust. The rusting process oxidation in just a few years can destroy a hard metal. Varnished or coated with anti-rust products can prevent rust. Similarly, the anti-oxidants are like the rust inhibitor for our bodies to prevent oxidation so as to maintain strong metal painted. Like rust products can protect the metal from oxidation and corrosion, anti-oxidants can prevent the body's cells from being oxidized. Fortunately, for our bodies and our health, antioxidants can be combined with the oxidation free radicals and render them harmless.

Many anti-oxidants, even closely related to carotenoid natural astaxanthin can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the brain, eyes and central nervous system. Beta-carotene, the most famous one of all carotenoids can not do this. The other well-known carotenoids such as lycopene do not have the functions too. Astaxanthin is able to do. For antioxidants, it is crucial. Because the scientists on the eyes and central nervous system disease and injury attribution theory is the singlet oxygen and other radicals continue to produce and increase the human body free radical scavenging ability weakened. These diseases include the vision of age-related macular degeneration, retinal artery / vein occlusion, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and trauma and inflammation caused by injury. A pass through the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier to reach the inner eye of antioxidants can prevent eye was the invasion of these diseases.

Although astaxanthin does not normally exist in the eye, but astaxanthin can cross the blood brain and blood retinal barrier. And astaxanthin has been proven that it can prevent eye suffered light damage, photoreceptor cell damage, ganglion cell damage, nerve cell damage and inflammation damage by cosmetic raw material suppliers. Although researchers are just beginning to discover this, but astaxanthin is undoubtedly the best supplements for eye protection.

Natural astaxanthin has a protective effect on the eye and central nervous system. It is effective in improving myopia, pseudo myopia and retinopathy eye diseases. It can increase muscle strength and muscle endurance, ease the movement fatigue, enhance the body's energy metabolism, relieve muscle soreness, enhance immunity; prevent UVR, effectively remove free radicals and anti-aging.

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Mechanism of docetaxel and capecitabine in treatment of breast cancer

Docetaxel is a new generation of artificial semi-synthetic anti-tumor drugs. Now it is used for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. It is through the promotion of microtubule dimer assembly into microtubules, preventing the poly process of leaving the microtubule stabilization and blocking cells in G2 and M phase to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and mitosis.

The pharmacological effects of docetaxel than paclitaxel in the intracellular concentration of 3 times higher than paclitaxel, and a long residence time in the cell, the microtubule affinity is two times that of paclitaxel. Accelerator as a microtubule stabilizer and assembly activity 2 times greater than paclitaxel; as a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor activity is two times larger than paclitaxel. In the anti-tumor activity in vitro tests have confirmed the anti-tumor activity of docetaxel is 1.3 to 12 times that of paclitaxel. Clinical studies have shown that docetaxel compared with paclitaxel for anthracycline-resistant breast cancer, a higher efficiency. Docetaxel is the most effective drug in the second-line treatment in so far anthracycline-resistant breast cancer. Its no obvious cross-resistance with cisplatin, etoposide, fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and its concentration in the cells three times higher than paclitaxel, and a long residence time in the cell.

The main adverse reactions of docetaxel, myelosuppression: neutropenia was the most common; allergic reaction: flushing, with or without erythema, with itching of chest tightness, back pain, dyspnea, drug fever or chills; skin erythema reaction manifests itself, mainly seen in the hands, feet, may also occur in the local rash of the arms, face and chest; fluid retention slip; may be nausea, vomiting or diarrhea and other gastrointestinal reactions. Other adverse reactions include hair loss, asthenia, mucositis, arthralgia and muscle pain, low blood pressure and injection site reactions.

Studies have shown that metastatic breast cancer, docetaxel monotherapy in first line failure rate is 23% to 65%. It is significantly better than the other drugs for pharmaceutical raw materials suppliers. Evidence based medicine docetaxel monotherapy can prolong survival in patients with breast cancer.

Capecitabine was unique within the tumor selective activation pathway, the prototype absorption through the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, into a unique three-step activation mechanism, and finally reach the tumor tissue after play converted to 5-FU cytotoxicity, the role of cells in S phase, activation of the thymidylate phosphorylase enzyme, its content of breast tissue was significantly higher than in normal tissues, TP activity was lower in normal tissues, compared with 5-FU anti-cancer effect is enhanced toxicity reduction. And on the previously received 5-FU treated cases are still valid. Single-agent second-line treatment of MBC 15.0% to 34.2% and major adverse events were hand-foot syndrome, nausea and vomiting.

Docetaxel and xeloda have a synergistic effect in treatment of advanced breast cancer. Its mechanism is that both of the two drugs are effective in the treatment of breast cancer. But they have different mechanisms of action and the main side effects have no crosses. Docetaxel can mediate tumor within TP activity increases to synergies with xeloda.

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The effect of retinoic acid in curing skin squamous cell carcinoma

Since China began large-scale use of retinoic acid to prevent esophageal cancer in higher esophageal cancer incidence regions and achieved good results in 1983, the world began to study about whether retinoic acid can prevent or treat other tumors too.

Retinoic acid for the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in addition to clinical effect in the prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma occurred also have a certain effect, but applied to the clinical treatment of human use of a single retinoic acid treatment of squamous cell carcinoma and not necessarily with special effects. In the first phase of clinical trials, nine cis-retinoic acid, confirmed the role of the lung, breast, colorectal, head and neck cancer, skin cancer or ovarian cancer do not have a single retinoic acid treatment; but an 13 cis- Phase II Clinical Trial of tretinoin and alpha-interferon, and found that this treatment response rate of 68% squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, in this way as the adjuvant treatment of head and neck cancer have a certain effect.

In fact, the early use of retinoic acid to treat acne and oral leukoplakia with good results since most of the experiments and clinical trials are designed with lesions with the characteristics of the squamous cell. Human oral cancer cells implanted in nude mice was found nine cis-retinoic acid can enhance the effect of cisplatin treatment, clinical, such an integrated approach on the head and neck cancer also have the effect of addition of the current problem is that these sporadic experiments or results of clinical trials was not reproducible, and some even contradictory, the main reason for this contradiction differences may be as stimulating cell growth and promote the cycle of cell differentiation mechanism of these two cell physiology may vary due to cell, can not be summarized. Therefore, cosmetics material retinoic acid may have different reactions in treatment of specific cells.

At present, the main limitation of the retinoic acid treatment is that the side effects it produces, such as dry mouth and abnormal liver function. Although it is not a big problem, it will reduce the willingness of patients to receive treatment. For retinoic acid treatment-related side effects, in fact it is about the different performances of the different tissues and different retinoic acid receptor. Therefore, the most recent strategy is for tissue-specific performance and synthesis only a certain kind of retinoic acid receptor specific drugs. According to this strategy, recently some new products have entered the first phase and second phase of clinical trials. And soon we will see the same effective retinoic acid products like the one curing acute promyelocytic leukemia in markets.

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Chinese retail pharmacies suffered cold stream from medical reform

Recently, there are 636 retail pharmacies in Chongqing China announced the delisting. The main reason of delisting is because that the macro environment is not good. It makes retail pharmacies going through the winter. Since the introduction of Remarkable new medical reform program, there is a support program policy on retail pharmacies. Retail pharmacies today is suffering from health reform cold, retail pharmacies in new medical reform process which benefits all levels become a forgotten corner.

Today, the development of the retail pharmaceutical raw materials is walking to the difficulties. There are mainly the following three reasons: First of all, since the introduction of the new medical reform program, and retail pharmacies into the overall planning of the new medical reform. The one hand, the new medical reform program did not give the details of the support of essential medicines sold in pharmacies; the other hand, it is the absence of specific programs to support the oppressed getting smaller and smaller living space for the retail pharmacy.

Second, the new medical reform program in the country provinces and cities in China to start gradually pilot of essential drugs zero difference system, so that, some public hospitals and community hospitals, drug retail price reduced by 15%, which undoubtedly has long been advantage of low prices dealt a heavy blow for the competitiveness of retail pharmacies. Retail pharmacy cheap marketing tool to implement a long time, thus re-price space to lower the figure to compete with public hospitals has been very limited.

Third, on October 2 last year, with the implementation of the system of essential drugs, the Chinese National Development and Reform Commission announced the retail prices of essential drugs, of which nearly half the price of drugs dropped by an average of 12%. From around the implementation situation, a number of retail glutathione pharmacies are not running the new price. Part of the medicines price adjustment after disappear, although this had to make the choice of a number of retail pharmacies in order to ensure normal operation, but this result has affected the overall image of the retail pharmacies.

In 2011, the total number of retail pharmaceutical raw materials suppliers is more than 380,000, including 220,000 individual shops and 160 000chain stores. It makes the development of retail pharmacies retail pharmacies to locate the missing but the new medical reform program into the marginalized. 10 years, China's top 100 pharmacies prescriptions dropped from 1.68 million in 2007 to 1.37 million, prescription sales accounted for total sales decreased by 27% to 25%. 11 years, this figure is still a big margin.

In the development dilemma for retail pharmacies in today', the phenomenon of holding together is gradually increasing. The majority of retail pharmacies in China take the initiative to look for restructuring cooperation. On the other hand, because the new medical reform’s supporting documents such as drug price management squeezes the profit margins of pharmaceutical distribution again, retail pharmacies today began to enter the field of electronic commerce. They expect to go though the winter brought by new medical reform.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Chinese cosmetics marketing road

After the 2012 spring festival, the cosmetics brand manufacturers in China began to pay attention to 2012 market. They want to know how to do it and how to quickly break up the sales bottleneck. These phenomena are a major obstacle to hinder the sales of these enterprises to enhance fatigue. It is also a major source made this enterprise hard to earn money.

With the enhancement of consumer brand awareness and consumer attitudes, many companies in ad spending under the premise that if neither the clear market positioning, and unique products to conquer the world, in today's competitive market, the take-all market would ultimately eat less, eat well, so its sales landslide is also reasonable.

For existing product line, cosmetics raw material suppliers do a sales analysis of the data. It respectively discharges the sales ranking sheet and profit contribution Ranking table, combined with the consultation of market opinion, the first of each brand product line of thin, cut the poor sales and low profit contribution, and similar concepts and selling redundant products, product mix rationalization gradually; to find out the great sales and good profit products at the same time as the object of focus on the main push, do focus on training. The fight caused by the star of a single product astaxanthin. Increase the characteristics of a single product development. Advantage of brand influence the second and third tier brands in characteristics to create a single product focus and work hard through the characteristics of a single product to boost overall sales. In the future new product development, cosmetic raw material suppliers must first consider the product development, market positioning, was sold to which consumer groups intend to how to sell, and then go to the planning product line, while the choice of product packaging bottles and packaging design The recipe ingredients must be closely around its start.

The layout of the market in many enterprises to playing its brand to a national brand, to enhance and compared with the size of a large coverage, this strategy is not uncommon in the industry, but in practice it did not. Deciding to do a regional brand, or do a national brand and enterprise resource allocation, ultimately depends on the size of their own strength. SMEs do not have enough strength to take-all national market will inevitably lead to extensive cultivation and high operating costs. According to the marketing of the 20:80 rule, 80 percent of sales from 20% of the market, if the SMEs to adopt a market focus strategy, 80% of the energy and resources into the basis of a good 20% of the market, and intensive to do the big fish in a small pond. The return of its sales and profits must objectively.

The cosmetic raw materials suppliers should combined with the company's brand influence and existing marketing model so that agents and terminal operators willing to sell the products. The promotional effects may much significant than making consumers willing to buy the products. In short, the marketing of cosmetics is a systematic project. For the enterprises which are urgent need to break the bottleneck of sales confusion, they must start from the four aspects of products, channels, team and promotion to systematically find the problem key. They need to target formulate the suitable brand development program. Meanwhile, it must be supported by the rapid and efficient implementation.

 Source: http://www.cosprm.com

Anti cancer drug markets enjoy the ten golden years with pharmaceutical growth

The anti-cancer drug market benefits from the high growth of China's pharmaceutical industry. China's pharmaceutical industry is in a stage of rapid growth. At present, the proportion of total health expenses is still at a low level of GDP. It is less than 5%. Compared to developed country the United States (17%), there is a considerable gap. But in recent years it continues to rise. Pharmaceutical irinotecan industry that is overall in a rising channel will inevitably bring about the boom of anti-cancer drugs in this market segment. Anti-cancer drug’s sales volume increasing year by year is also increasingly becoming an indispensable force for driving rapid growth of the pharmaceutical industry.

Aging and urbanization to promote the increased demand for anti-cancer drugs. The past 30 years, cancer mortality increased by 80%, the annual cancer incidence of about 2.6 million, the death toll of about 1.8 million. Lead to cancer, the incidence of rising main reason is that the living environment, changes in the way and the increasing pressure on the survival of various objective factors. Among them, the aging and urbanization are the two most important factors.

The anti-cancer drug patent expires, generic drug import substitution welcome opportunity. Global drug development is difficult, have turned to generic drugs, the generics market capacity will expand rapidly. In the face of China's huge market, import substitution of generic drugs will usher in new opportunities.

The chemotherapy drug market developed, targeted drug market is growing rapidly. Throughout the chemotherapy market has matured and grew steadily. This commonly used drugs, paclitaxel and docetaxel for the clinical treatment of cancer, both accounting for 21% of the market share of the Chinese anti-cancer drug products in 2009. Targeted therapies are the vital force of the rapid rise in recent years, anti-cancer drugs. By 2015, the global targeted therapies market size is expected to more than 50 billion U.S. dollars, up to 11% compound annual growth rate, and the area will have more than eight new drugs to market leading products.

Strong R & D powder and rich reserves of new drugs are the core strengths of the industry leader. The global anti-cancer drugs giants all have a strong drug research and development team. The annual R & D input is 15% -20% of total revenue. Chinese anti-cancer drugs leader’s R & D spending is about 8%. Comparing with the giants in the world, there is still a gap. But it is much higher than the average of 2 percent of China's pharmaceutical and biotech industry. That fully shows that the anticancer drug sub-sectors is relatively high-end pharmaceutical field. It is also a concrete manifestation of the industrial high barriers. Production enterprise business strategy can not ignore the new drug development, production and reserve continuity because of the long cycle and high-risk for drug development.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Small variety vitamins have important health value

When mentioning vitamins, many people immediately think of a large variety of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene-ton vitamin. Indeed, the international pharmaceutical market has entered an era of new vitamin. The vitamin has risen for the first category of health food products. The health food industry’s annual consumption of variety vitamin raw materials is over 20 billion U.S. dollars. In 21st century, in addition to the VC, VE, beta-carotene and other bulk vitamins are continue sold to international market in recent years. As the deepening of life science research, scientists have found out many original vitamins which were not very important have health value. They add a potential powder for development of health food market.

Lycopene from tomatoes. Since the 1990s, the health effects of lycopene began to be taken seriously. Scientists will be summarized to 1, the prevention of prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, lowering blood pressure; 3, breast cancer prevention. In addition, it also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other important physiological activity. Because biotin and lycopene is GRAS, the world's consumption of lycopene surge in production has exceeded one thousand tons, amazing momentum of development.

Vitamin B12 is actually a vitamin old products, the dosage is not only in the past few decades. In recent years, medical researchers found that: the elderly long-term lack of VB12 will cause the body called homocysteine ​​physiological substances increased, and ultimately lead to stroke or myocardial infarction. And vice versa is not easy stroke. Therefore, the health department has from VB12 recommended one of the three nutrients must be added for the elderly.

Lutein a carotenoid substances in some natural plants such as spinach, the highest content of senecio cabbage and marigold. About 10 years ago, scientists discovered that lutein may protect the elderly due to macular degeneration caused by blurred vision phenomenon. Sharp rise in the popularity of this discovery to make lutein. It is understood that foreign lutein by the total number of health food has reached more than 100 kinds. The main raw material of lutein on the international market, there are two kinds, one for natural lutein, is a synthetic lutein. Abroad also recently been reported that common in the elderly in the prevention of eye diseases cataract, lutein, lutein as a newly developed vitamin product market prospect is very broad.

The astaxanthin original Department extracted from shrimp. In recent years, mainly extracted from farmed seaweed algae. According to scientists, astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant. The more interesting report is that astaxanthin has a unique effect to improve vision, are a natural eye care vitamins raw materials. Many people due to the prolonged use of eyes and vision are severely damaged. Astaxanthin has the increase in ocular blood flow and retinal rhodopsin synthesis and other physiological effect, it can directly improve the vision. Astaxanthin has now become the United States, Japan and other countries important to eye health food raw materials. They have bright market prospects.

Other small varieties of vitamins with potential development prospects include: vitamin P, inositol, water-soluble vitamin K, niacin / niacinamide and pantothenic acid and so on. In summary, the original small variety vitamins in the 21st century will become a new bright spot in markets of international pharmaceutical and healthcare products.

 Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Standardization of plant extracts industry is significantly speeding up

Chinese medicine extraction caused widespread concern in the industry. The 20 Chinese plants extracts trade standards drafting by the Chinese medicines and health products association has been completed. The pace of standardization of plant extracts industry in China is markedly accelerated.

China should develop the standard of the 500 kinds of commonly traditional Chinese plant extracts as soon as possible. The establishment of the Chinese herbal extract base to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine extraction production to standardized, large-scale, modern. Skullcap, schisandra, echinacea, polygonum cuspidatum, wolfberry, mangosteen, blueberry, arrowroot, acanthopanax, heavy rain sheep hopane and other herb extracts, are currently exports more varieties. This is just one step of a comprehensive specification of Chinese herb extracts, and expand the variety of income set out to improve the international competitiveness of Chinese plant extract has a positive meaning.

In fact, in 2010, the Chinese plant extracts as a Chinese medicine second largest category of exports, total exports of $ 480 million, but under the impact of the export tax rebate adjustment in July, some varieties of exports declined year on year. Docetaxel extract other natural or reproduced by synthesis of glycosides and derivatives of this broad category, for example, annual exports amounting to $ 250 million. It is of 16.8 percent.

The other hand, the dietary supplement GMP Act introduced last year by the United States, Chinese herb extracts in China exported to the United States brought a certain extent. Japan and South Korea, Chinese herbal medicines, pesticide residues, heavy metals, sulfur dioxide and other WTO-TBT appraisal, implementation of new testing standards, a test of the extract of Chinese medicine business is not small. The draft has been the detection of pesticide residues, additional residual solvent testing items such as number of indicators included will also discuss the newly proposed standard to the heavy metal content.

From foreign technical barriers to break through traditional Chinese medicine extraction industry must quickly complied with international standards. The industry believes that Chinese herbal medicine extract industry is a lack of internal support. Extraction plant of traditional Chinese medicine irinotecan production enterprises set up mainly for internal production. The equipment is older with smaller scale production. It is difficult to form a scale. At the same time, because the extract preparation process characteristics, but also the extraction process equipment utilization is not high from the capital investment, a comprehensive measure of labor costs, energy consumption, poor economic returns, higher production costs.

A considerable number of Chinese enterprises are not built on the bases of Chinese herbal medicines. The transport costs are significantly high. In the production area of Chinese herbal origin, the production of plant extracts has a larger market. However, for the proposals of Chinese herbal medicines scale extraction, the researchers claim that it is still in conflict with the laws of China: At present, China has not yet regarded Chinese plant extracts as traditional medical raw materials. The statutory mandatory standard for Chinese medicine extracts does not come out.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Quality control of hair coloring cosmetics

Hair dye is one kind of products which is easy to be changed. How to control its quality is crucial. In the hair dye’s preparation and storage process, in general people need to consider the following factors: the composition of the dye, the content of active substance in the oxidant, free alkali content, viscosity of the dye bath and storage stability of hair dye.

On the hair dye, dye composition is a key. Dye intermediates selected the pros and cons, good or bad effects directly related to the stain. Dye intermediates are not a pure substance, but a compound, it should be the color of dye intermediates and the oxidation reaction may to choose. In addition, a small number of different locations for dye intermediates containing biotin substituents isomers, namely, the oxidation product of, generate a different color, affect the staining results, so that the requirements of the quality of dye intermediates to be guaranteed, that is to do to the more pure the better, as far as possible the raw materials meet the quality requirements.

The oxidant is the other major component of hair dye, the concentration of the active substance in the oxidizer, a direct impact on the full extent of the oxidation reaction of dye intermediates in hair dye process. Oxidants in the active matter content is low, then the oxidation reaction has not been completely may generate color than the original mining develop lighter, due to the completion of reaction had to entirely under the influence of other media, as well as possible reaction proceed , but the hair after the color instability, less than the original results. Conversely, if the high active substance content in the oxidant, the oxidation reaction may be carried out completely, but the oxidant itself have bleached hair both oxidation may occur simultaneous bleaching and oxidation, and oxidant high levels of the active material, will greatly enhance the destructive power of hair keratin, exacerbated by the extent of damage to the hair. Also reach the desired effect.

In addition, the cream hair dye or hair shampoo to use more of the active material of the hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, peroxide of hydrogen itself is a rather unstable substance, easily decomposed to loss of oxygen, only the relatively stable under acidic conditions, so in preparation hydrogen peroxide solution when the pH value of the proper control of oxidant. If the acidity of minoxidil oxidant is low, too unstable hydrogen peroxide is easily decomposed; acidity high, slow down the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate, and reduce the free alkali content mixed with the dye matrix part, the same affect staining results . Adjust the pH value of the oxidant in the preparation to 3.0-4.0, but alone is not enough to control the pH value to stabilize the oxidant, then add some stabilizer to block oxidant decomposition rate.

The free alkali content of the hair dye is the key to affecting the quality. If the pH is too high, under alkaline conditions the scalp and easy expansion, dye intermediates penetrate the hair dye in alkaline easily oxidized color, and accelerate the dyeing speed; in the hair dye process, however, a strong alkaline dyes which easily lead to skin irritation, while storage will accelerate dye intermediates oxidation rate, shorten the shelf life. If the PH is low, the oxidation reaction has not been completely the same bow I played dyeing effect weakened. Generally dye part of the pH value is about 9-11.

The hair dye‘s viscosity should be controlled to a certain target when it is in preparation and operation. Because viscosity of the dye is also involved in the effect of dyed hairs. If the tretinoin viscosity is low, in the process of hair, it could easily lead to contaminate scalp, clothes. And the hair dye paste is easy to stick on surface of the hair, making hair uneven and impact the dyed effect. The viscosity of the hair dye should be increased thus making the hair dye cream not only adhere to the hair surface but also does not drip on your clothes. In the packaging, it is easily installed irrigation. Generally viscometer is used to measure viscosity, including dye composition, oxidant, and viscosity of the dye. According to different formulations, people can select a variety to desired viscosity.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

New technology of hydrochloric irinotecan synthesis

Irinotecan is a camptothecin derivative isolated from natural plant. It is water-soluble anti-tumor pharmaceutical raw materials. It is a listed broad-spectrum tumor drug in abroad and mainly used for the treatment of cancer, advanced colon cancer, rectal cancer, small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and non-Hodgkinson's lymphoma, and so on.

At present, commonly used light production of hydrochloric acid irinotecan, response orientation, and impurities are difficult to control, yield instability. China lasted more than two years, independent innovation, to develop a new synthetic route from camptothecin irinotecan hydrochloride for Sport ethyl - hydrogenation - oxidation - acylation technology, quality and fully meet the international requirements. The advanced technology is: to improve the conversion rate of the reaction: the technology to produce hydrochloric acid irinotecan, a substantial increase in the rate of reaction conversion, the total yield of 30% or more. International standards on the hydrochloric irinotecan have high quality requirements. The production products meets the quality standards. At the same time, improve the safety of products: product-related impurities in single ICH regulations are less than 0.1%. Clean production: organic solvent recovery and waste utilization in the production process, a simple process and low cost.

China ranked 1^st of mortality caused by tumor. And the incidence is rising. It includes lung cancer, a higher incidence of colorectal cancer. Hydrochloric irinotecan treatment of advanced colorectal cancer effects of drug resistant cases is still valid; of 5 - fluorouracil and also effective for small cell and non-small cell lung cancer and cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. The docetaxel drug has been jointly approved in the United States and the European Union, listing more than 100 countries around the world. It is the U.S. 40 years following the 5 - fluorouracil (5-FU) has been the only chemotherapy drug approved for first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. The market potential is huge.

With the high standard of international market hydrochloric acid irinotecan Kang demand growth, the international pharmaceutical companies are seeking to meet international standards of products imported from China, which is acid irinotecan API products enter the international market provides a good opportunity. Meanwhile, the high levels of hydrochloric acid irinotecan production due to the high cost of foreign natural plant raw material drug production, plant extracts drugs source’s import is instability. And increasingly high demand for foreign raw material drug production is gradually transferred to China. The production of environmental protection will increased considerably.

Studies have shown that Topo-I content of a variety of tumor cells, especially colon cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer cells is much higher than normal tissue. In the S tumor cells, its content has a substantial increase. Because of irinotecan’s unique action mechanism, it has a higher selectivity for these tumor cells, thereby reducing toxicity of normal cells. Irinotecan is used in the treatment of these cancers and their efficacy is encouraging. Its application prospect is very good. Hydrochloric irinotecan has been raised to first-line drugs for the treatment of rectal cancer. It can be predicted that development and production of hydrochloric irinotecan bulk drugs and formulations will have considerable development.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Reduced glutathione is used in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis

At present, in glomerular diseases causing by a variety of reasons, the treatment has drawn increasing attention of clinicians. Various methods of clinical treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis always make people unsatisfied. Glomerulonephritis effect is excellent, but its side effects can not be ignored and it will take a longer period. Because of its side effects, cytotoxic drugs tretinoin is generally not as preferred. Despite ACEI and ARB drugs for have exact role in chronic glomerulonephritis and renal protection, when impaired renal function goes to a certain extent, its application is restricted. Therefore, to explore a treating drug of chronic glomerular nephritis precise with easy application, less severe side effects and has no renal impairment limits is particularly necessary.

Numerous studies indicate that: in various glomerular diseases have increased the level of plasma endothelin, endothelin involved in the occurrence of a variety of glomerular diseases, the development of the whole process of J. ET is a synthetic peptide of vascular endothelial cells, composed of 21 amino acids, which enables the occurrence of renal blood vessels strong and sustained contraction, and shrink the role of the afferent artery is more pronounced than the efferent arteriole, which leads to renal ischemia . High plasma ET can also serve as a way of inflammatory mediators by the immune response and inflammation damage the glomeruli. On the other hand, renal ischemia, hypoxia and immune injury but also as a stimulating factor increased the release of ET. Chronic kidney disease long-term increase in the level of ET astaxanthin can stimulate mesangial cells and glomerular epithelial cell proliferation and to promote the glomerular extracellular matrix proliferation, thereby contributing to glomerulosclerosis J. ET mechanism caused by chronic glomerulonephritis is not fully understood, this study found that levels of plasma ET was positively correlated with urinary protein, both cause and effect relationship needs further study.

Reduced glutathione as a novel non-peptide endothelin antagonist, with a twist anti-endothelin, double protection of the vascular endothelium, and the role of regulating vasomotor function has been widely applied to the clinical subjects. The study found that reduced glutathione has a significant role in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis due to various reasons, when the short-term treatment to reduce urinary protein more effective than fosinopril in reducing red blood cells in urine, lower blood pressure and improve renal function in the fosinopril side effects are minor, a few patients may have nausea, vomiting and discomfort during treatment, symptoms slow down the drip rate. Long term treatment effect of reduced glutathione in chronic glomerulonephritis requires further observation.

The mechanisms of reduced glutathione in treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis are not yet very clear. It is suggested that it may be related to the twist of the role of anti-endothelin. Through the role of glutathione, it inhibits or reduces the renal immune inflammation, thereby reducing the deposition of immune complexes in glomerular basement membrane. It reduces the damage caused by excessive deposition of immune complexes on the glomerular basement membrane structure and function. It ultimately reduces the protein exudation.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Extraction status of Chinese traditional drug and plant extracts

The plant extracts refer to the extraction or processed substances using plants (whole plants or in part) as raw materials with appropriate solvent or methods. It can be used to improve health or in other purposes. The plant extract industry is developed in the last 10 years. It is an edge industry among pharmaceutical, fine chemicals and agricultural sector.

The plant extract is based on plants as raw materials and in accordance with the need of extract final product. After the physical and chemical extraction and separation process, directed to obtain and concentration plants in one or a variety of active ingredients, without changing its active ingredient structure and the formation of the product. At present, the plant extracts in the product concept is quite broad. Accordance with the extracted plant ingredients are different, the formation of glycosides, acid, polyphenols, polysaccharides, terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids. In accordance with the different characters of the final product, it can be divided into other vegetable oils, extracts, powder, lens, etc.

The concept of comprehensive national legislation categories and concepts and use of plant extracts can be countries accepted and recognized, but also spread the herbs in the countries to universal common expression. Exports of the Chinese plant extracts as early as 1999, had more than the exports of proprietary Chinese medicines. In Europe and the United States, plant extracts and their products (herbal or food supplements) have broad market prospects, has developed into annual sales of nearly $ 8 billion in new industries. China's plant extracts irinotecan are in general intermediate products, currently uses a very wide range, mainly for drugs, health food, tobacco, cosmetics, raw materials or accessories, etc. Types of plants for the extraction of raw materials is also very much into the industrial extraction plant varieties in more than 300 kinds.

Well known in the history of human civilization, most of the time about 200 years ago, mankind has been dependent on traditional medicines (including botanicals) struggle with the disease for more than 90%. Major ancient civilization and a certain degree of civilization of the nation almost has its own national medical care system, especially China's most comprehensive Chinese medicine system, the biggest achievement. It can be said that the Chinese medicine system in China is the highest expression of the ancient medical science.

The progress of science and technology, creating a chemical drugs and new biological drugs. After World War II, the entire pharmacy, technology, production technologies to professional management techniques have gained considerable progress. At the same time, have long-term relative stagnation of herbal with advances in technology and management to obtain a new development. So far, the herbal preparation has been three stages of development. The first stage, the traditional red, pill, cream, scattered. The second stage, based on the method of water alcohol or alcohol-water extraction method based crude processing technology and modern industrial preparation technology is a combination made of proprietary Chinese medicines glutathione. The third stage is the application of modern botanicals for modern separation and detection techniques refined and quantitative. Botanicals in three stages, but they have produced in chronological order, does not mean that a later stage will replace or cancel the previous stage. As the chemical drugs can not be canceled natural medicines, biological medicines, chemical drugs can not be canceled. But after the level more than the previous levels reflected or the use of modern technology.

Plant extracts and botanicals have the cross-cutting in concept connotation. Modern herbal medicine is based on plant extract. The plant extract is the main raw material and component of modern herbal medicine to a large extent. And some plant extracts are directly used as a medicinal. In worldwide, there is no uniform definition of plant medicine. But the west is accustomed to refer herbal medicine as a natural medicine. Natural medicine refers to everything from nature and the drug used in the treatment of diseases without chemical treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal medicine should belong to its areas.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Retinoic acid and antidepressant can be used in treatment of leukemia

Research team of association for cancer research’s experimental studies has shown that: combination of vitamin A’s derivative retinoic acid and antidepressant can be used for the treatment of leukemia, a common type of disease. The tretinoin is called as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and it is a vitamin A derivative. It has been used successfully to treat a rare type of disease in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). But this drug does not have effect on some more common types of AML.

Leukemia and lymphoma research institute’s researchers explore the possible effect of tretinoin treatment of other types of leukemia patients. It shows that retinoic acid can be used in a variety of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) type. The key is to joint with anti-depressant drug known as anti-benzene ring propylamine (TCP).

Retinoic acid has a deadly rare type of leukemia a curable disease. We have now found a way to use these features powerful drug (accutane) to treat more and more common type of leukemia. Why does not respond to other types of leukemia, the drug until now, been a mystery. The study found that a has been commonly used as antidepressant drugs can reverse the above phenomenon. If these results can be replicated in patients, combination therapy is a very promising in a variety of leukemia treatment.

All-trans retinoic acid to stimulate leukemia cell maturation and natural death to play a role. AML did not respond to this drug may be shut down due to all-trans retinoic acid gene. The minoxidil research team is looking for a drug which can be used to restart the all-trans retinoic acid activity. Draw on the epigenetic drug does not directly play a role for the gene, but the role of genes is turned on or off the drug mode of action. The study found that TCP can inhibit an enzyme called LSD1, you can turn on the genes of all-trans retinoic acid and make cancer cells sensitive to all-trans retinoic acid.

With the commencement of the study, the researchers have drugs combination studies in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. And it has entered into the phase II clinical trials experimental stage. Each year, there are more than 2,200 people who were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Irinotecan will sold in the United States with FDA certification

Chinese anticancer drug irinotecan injection passed the certification examination of the U.S. food and drug administration. The news shows that irinotecan pharmaceutical quality specification has reached the highest international standards. Chinese production of injection will be first sold to the world's most developed pharmaceutical market of American with highest quality requirements. It first fills the blank of China's exports of injection.

The U.S. food and drug administration referred to the FDA. It is composed of doctors, lawyers, microbiologists, pharmacologists, chemists and statisticians professionals committed to protect, promote and improve the health. It is a government health control monitoring agency. The U.S. food and plant extracts drug administration specializes in the highest law enforcement agencies, international reputation and authority of the highest drug regulatory agencies, the certification covers the six systems of production, quality. Received FDA certification means the products made in almost all countries in the world agree.

Irinotecan injection which produced in China uses sterilization filtration process. It is the most demanding, risk control in the chemical production process. And it is the most difficult in the U.S. FDA chemicals certification examination system to the highest levels of checking. In order to meet the FDA-approved, pharmaceutical companies invest a lot of manpower and financial resources, the introduction of high-level personnel from abroad, high-paying and sending the production of technical personnel to study abroad to learn from the acquisition of world-class equipment and glutathione instruments, for all the original hardware and software upgrade to improve. In July last year, the U.S. food and drug administration sent two national chemical prosecutors to come to China for a period of 13 days of the certification examination. To this end, pharmaceutical companies invested in the plant facilities, equipment, and a lot of money to transform compliance to ensure sterile conditions. In addition, strengthening personnel training, so that the entire production system to achieve the sterility assurance of the whole process can be fully realized.

After five years of hard work and dedication, irinotecan injection successfully passed the certification examination of the U.S. food and drug administration. In the future, the Chinese pharmaceutical companies will actively promote the amount of irinotecan injection on sale in the U.S. It will accelerate the drug product though the U.S. FDA and EU certified to further enhance the competitiveness of Chinese medicines in the international market. At the same time, it is necessary to further increase international efforts to promote the company's products, to establish a company overseas, to set up the sales team and to promote the overseas sales amount. It strives to break hundreds of millions dollars of sales in the international market in the next three years.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Biotin-lifting method

People always pay attention to the maintenance of their own faces, otherwise the faces will have wrinkles prematurely. This will not only affect their own beauty, but also affect their mental state. Currently there are a lot of people troubling with it. The biotin wrinkle method is the best way to solve the wrinkles and help for majority of people who love beauty. It makes the majority of people who pursuit beauties recover the lost youth and re-blooming beauty of their own.

Biotin wrinkle method is local injection of BOTOX. BOTOX is the abbreviation of A type botulinum toxin. It is generated by special bacteria removed by complex genetic tissue engineering of the new century is the most effective biological toxins muscle relaxants. Biotin blocking nerve impulses between nerves and muscles can face excessive contraction of specific muscle relaxation, dynamic wrinkles disappear, to accept the treatment of facial muscles, skin to maintain a smooth, will not form wrinkles, while the non-treatment muscle continue its normal contraction. Therefore it does not affect facial expression.

Biotin treatment is safe in the treatment of many eye diseases and neurological disorders, safe and effective use of more than a decade. Every year, tens of thousands of patients using biological has always been the treatment of various diseases. The biotin wrinkle method is a simple and secure way; most importantly, accurate diagnosis by the professional therapists, we must first determine the applicability of, and determine the site of injection and the required doses. The specific process use =a very fine needle. It will be ok to just use a very small amount of BOTOX into scheduled site of the face.

Many cosmetic surgery hospitals take the lead in introducing advanced IPL technology. They set off a new trend of high-tech beauty. In 2006, the Chinese plastic surgery center has a strong attack once again. They original introduced the international advanced digital beauty system with the value of more than two million RMB. It is developed is by the largest astaxanthin laser company with ten years’ research and development efforts. And it has close technical cooperation with the United States Stan Buddhism, Harvard University to jointly develop high-tech skin method. The introduction of the technology established a technological leadership position for plastic surgery center in China. The plastic center has the swiss blue wrinkles, BOTOX wrinkle, igor vilain rhytidectomy, a lemma micro mesotherapy, and plastic beautiful anti-shaping and facial children firming surgery six non-surgical cosmetic items. The six non-surgical cosmetic technologies are most advanced in the world. The world class technology sweeps in Japan, South Korea and Europe. Non-surgical cosmetic center has helped tens of thousands of people achieve the beautiful metamorphosis.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Glutathione peroxidase

With the presence of hydrogen peroxide, glutathione is catalyzed into an oxidized metal enzyme. It is detoxifying enzymes removing hydrogen peroxide and other organic peroxide for the organism. Glutathione peroxidase is important body peroxide decomposing enzyme widespread in body. Selenium is a composition of the GSH-Px enzymes. It can catalyze the glutathione into GSSG and make toxic peroxide restored into the non-toxic hydroxy compounds. While it promotes the decomposition of H2O2 and protect the cell membrane structure and function from the peroxide interference and damage.

GSH-Px activity center is a selenocysteine. The size of its vitality may reflect the body selenium levels. GSH-Px enzymes including 4 different types of GSH-Px, cytosolic GSH-Px in plasma GSH-Px in the phospholipid hydroperoxide GSH-Px and specificity of the gastrointestinal tract, GSH-Px in Cytosolic GSH-Px by 4 the same as the molecular weight of 22kDa subunits form a tetramer, each subunit contains one molecule selenocysteine, widespread in the body organizations, liver, red blood cells for up to. Its physiological function is involved in oxidation reaction catalyzed by GSH, remove peroxide and hydroxyl radicals generated in the process of cellular respiration metabolism, thereby reducing the cell membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation. GSH-Px, the resveratrol composition and the cytoplasm of plasma GSH-Px, mainly in the plasma, its function is not well understood, but has been confirmed clear the extracellular hydrogen peroxide involved in the GSH transport-related.

Phospholipid peroxide GSH-Px is the molecular weight of 20kDa monomer with a molecular Selenocysteine. Originally isolated from pig heart and liver, mainly present in the testes of other organizations also have a small amount of the distribution. Its biological function is to inhibit membrane phospholipid peroxidation. Specificity of the gastrointestinal tract, GSH-Px consists of four molecular weight 22kDa of the tetramer subunits, exists only in the gastrointestinal tract in rodents, its function is to protect the animals from the intake of lipid peroxides damage.

Glutathione peroxidase can catalyze GSH and produce GSSG, Glutathione reductase can use NADPH to catalyze the GSSG and produce GSH. It can be calculated by the detection of NADPH to reduce the amount of the level of glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione peroxidase in the above reaction is the rate-limiting step of the reaction system as a whole. So the NADPH’s reducing amount is related with chia seed and glutathione’s peroxidase activity.

Glutathione peroxidase is one of the indicators for body anti peroxidation. Elevated of glutathione peroxidase can cause diabetes, sickle cell anemia, and neonatal hemolytic thalassemia. Reduction of glutathione peroxidase may cause keshan disease, bone and joint disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic pancreatitis, burns and surgery.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

The use of retinoic acid therapy in dermatology

Retinoic acid is a class of natural or synthetic derivatives of vitamin A. Vitamin A is necessary for normal epithelial proliferation and differentiation. But in the treatment of skin diseases, it has adverse reactions. Its molecular structure‘s improvement provides a variety of compounds with similar structures. They are collectively referred as tretinoin. Because it can not treat vitamin A deficiency, so it does not actually belong to the scope of the vitamins.

Retinoids were first started in 1962 and used in dermatology, has been a 40-year history. Represents the advent of a milestone in modern dermatology therapy for refractory skin disease provide new and effective therapeutic approach, known as the nearly half a century used in dermatology treatment in the three most important One of the findings (the other two penicillin and glucocorticoid hormones. It has been gradually used in local and systemic treatment of psoriasis, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis skin the keratinizing genetic skin diseases, severe acne and acne-related skin diseases, but also treatment and prevention of skin aging and tumor formation; has become the treatment of psoriasis, ichthyosis and acne drugs indispensable.

The synthesis of retinoic acid compounds has been more than 1500 kinds. Its structure consists of three parts, namely, the ring structure of the polyene side chain and the polarity of the terminal groups. The transformation of the part can get a series of retinoic acid derivatives. However, in clinical practice less than ten kinds of practical value. Retinoids traditionally divided into three generations, first on behalf of non-aromatic, the earliest applications of all-trans retinoic acid, oral side effects, are now outside the main application of the most different minoxidil and viaminate. Second generation single aromatic retinoic acid: acitretin ester and its major metabolite Avi A third behalf of multi-aromatic Retinoids aromatic retinoic acid ethyl ester and receptor selectivity, The three topical application of the retinoids adapalene, acetylene retinoid tazarotene and shellfish accounted for Lines of Flight, respectively, to treat acne, psoriasis and cutaneous lymphoma.

For comprehensive and objective assessment of a variety of retinoic acid, researchers have put forward the concept of retinoic acid treatment index. It refers to fasting minimum daily dose of vitamin polycythemia and cause 50% papilloma regression with retinoic acid amount. It mainly reflects the relationship between drug efficacy and adverse effects. Short-term treatment of retinoic can produces side effects on the skin, liver, blood lipids, and teratogenicity acid. And long-term use accumulation’s side effects are bone and ligament calcification, such as causing diffuse idiopathic bone hypertrophy, etc.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Treatment advances of hormone-resistant prostate cancer

From the 1940s, endocrine therapy has become first-line treatment for advanced metastatic prostate cancer. However, previous research has found that almost all patients with the start of endocrine therapy sensitivity of prostate cancer ultimately develop into hormone resistance. That means it is no response to endocrine treatment or the treatment promoting disease progression. They all result in deterioration of the irreversible clinical plant extracts progress and ultimately lead to death. Before the 1990s, the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer is lacking of surgery. With the new treatment options are emerging, people are no longer helpless.

In past, prostate cancer has been considered as a malignant tumor which is not sensitive to chemotherapy for a long time. Between 1988 to 1992, there have been 26 kinds of chemotherapy, single agent is used in the treatment of prostate cancer, the overall response rate was only 8.7%, median survival time of 10-12 months, efficacy disappointing; and chemotherapy of many toxic side effects of chemotherapy once suffered cold. The emergence of docetaxel chemotherapy for prostate cancer has opened up new prospects in 2004 Phase III clinical trials TAX327 and SWOG9916 to establish the preferred status of docetaxel chemotherapy in the treatment of HRPC.

Docetaxel and irinotecan mainly through the strengthening of tubulin polymerization and inhibiting microtubule depolymerization leads to the formation of stable non-functional microtubules. It can destroy tumor cells in mitosis, inhibit tumor growth and promote tumor apoptosis. On the other hand, metastatic prostate cancer regardless of the primary tumor or metastases are highly expressed in the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2 phosphorylation can inhibit its anti-apoptotic effect, and Docetaxel is an efficient phosphorylation accelerator, so that it can inhibit the anti-apoptotic role of genes, induced apoptosis in prostate cancer. Clinical trials with docetaxel, there is no test more treatment differences between docetaxel combined with prednisone and docetaxel combined estradiol nitrogen mustard.

However, because the estradiol chlormethin has obvious side effects caused by venous thrombosis, it must be applied while using anticoagulant drugs such as aspirin. In contrast, combination with prednisone treatment did not increase too many side effects. Hematological toxicity and gastrointestinal side effects are relatively mild, most patients can safely withstand. Docetaxel combining with prednisone may be more easily accepted by patients. Docetaxel chemotherapy in the treatment of HRPC successful application, so that people began to explore the application prospects in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment of earlier prostate cancer.

Targeted biological therapy is one of the hot spots in cancer treatment. As research continues, more and more receptor or ligand drugs and immune-related therapy are used in the treatment of tumors. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, angiogenesis inhibitors, endothelin inhibitors, vaccine therapy and monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials have high security while many of them are for HRPC. Standard treatment of HRPC is the androgen stripping treatment, chemotherapy and application of bisphosphonates. Docetaxel chemotherapy is the only HRPC treatment today which can improve survival. Many exploring biological treatments will become promising alternative to chemotherapy treatment in future.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com