The nature and application of spinosad

The pure spinosad is a white or grayish white solid crystallized, with a similar slight odor of stale soil, is the mixture of 85% - 88% spinosad component A and 12% - 15% spinosad compound D. Spinosad is not soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide, etc. In aqueous solution, pH is 7.74, to the metal and the metal ion is relatively stable within 28 days, the commercialization product has 3 years shelf life. Spinosad in the air is less volatile.

Spinosad in the environment, through a variety of combination ways to degrade, mainly is the light degradation and microbial degradation, eventually become a component of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other natural compounds. The half-life of spinosad degraded by soil photolysis is 9 to 10 days, while the half-life of water photolysis is less than 1 day, the half-life of foliar photodegradation is 1.6 to 6 days. In the absence of light, the half-life of spinosad through aerobic soil metabolism is 9 to 17 days. In addition, the leaching property of spinosad is very low, fair use would not pose a threat to groundwater.

Spinosad is a broad-spectrum insecticide, experiments proved that spinosad can effectively control Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Thysanoptera pests, in addition, it also have a good prevention in some of the large number of swallowed the blade pest species in Orthoptera and Diptera. Activity of spinosad for lepidopteran larvae is significantly greater than the organic phosphorus, carbamate insecticides, be equal to pyrethroid. While spinosyns having a high insecticidal activity, also exhibit low toxicity on predatory insects, to lepidopteran insects, spinosad is one of the highest selectivity compounds that has been found in insecticide. In addition, spinosad for thrips, lice, termites, and many Hymenoptera pests also have good effect.

According to the Chinese pesticide toxicity grading standards, Spinosad is a low-toxicity insecticide. With relatively low toxicity to mammals and birds, to aquatic animals are only slightly moderately toxic. In addition, the chronic toxicological tests to mammalian showed that spinosad no teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic effects or neurotoxicity. The amount and toxicity of spinosad were lower than those currently used grain storage pesticides. Spinosad for many beneficial insects and beneficial organisms have high safety demarcation line, compared with predatory beetles, lacewings and mites, it with less toxic. Compared with the traditional cypermethrin, spinosad showed low insecticidal activity in some important beneficial insects, while in the prevention and control of lepidopteran pests, the activity intensity of spinosad and cypermethrin are usually comparable. Therefore, spinosad is the first choice to do the integrated pest management.

Spinosad as a biological insecticide, both have the characteristics of the security of biological pesticides and the fast-acting effect of chemical synthetic pesticides, there are 73 countries registered applications in more than 250 kinds of crops. Since 1997, the first time appear this product, spinosad was always maintaining the efficiency and safety industrial history. Currently, there are a lot of spinosad products be recommended for use in organic agriculture. Due to spinosad can effectively prevent and control major grain storage pests, as well as no environmental pollution, is considered to be the best agent in the stored grain protectants.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Careful used the pregnant women cosmetics

The 30-year-old woman called Miss Zhang who has been pregnant for three months. Recently, Miss Zhang is always puzzled about whether put on makeup or not, because she is doing a sales job in the bank, the external image is very important at ordinary times, and put on makeup also become a habit in her live. But after pregnancy, in order to ensure the safety and health in the pregnancy period, she had to give up putting on makeup, every day after washing face, her face was coated nothing. She felt that since stop using the cosmetics and skin care products, her face was always feel dry, and the skin was worse than before, the external image is greatly reduced. Perhaps, pregnancy is a very happy thing for every woman, but in pregnant period, ladies were because of fearing the cosmetics will affect their unborn fetus, in choosing cosmetics they are more or less have some concerns.

It is understood that many pregnant women, because of fearing the chemical ingredients in cosmetics will affect the fetus, most of them were giving up make-up, also there are a considerable part of pregnant women who pursuing beauty were puzzling about whether put on makeup or not. In this regard, many doctors said that pregnant women should also do well in skin care, because pregnancy is a special time, some pregnant women because of hormonal changes in the body, the skin will be changed, such as lack of nutrition, dry, spot, allergies and so on, if pregnant women were blindly ignored, it will not only because of the appearance changes affect the mood, the skin will be damaged quickly. The doctors believe that pregnant women do not have to be afraid of make-up, instead, can through applying cosmetics or rub some skin care products to spread the tension feeling caused by pregnancy, thus enhance the self-confidence. Buy cosmetics during pregnancy must be choose non-irritating product, better to choose weak acidic products that produced by natural raw materials. In addition, you must stop using the skin care products which containing tretinoin, according to tretinoin manufacturer, this substance is easy to cause birth defects of the baby, especially the whitening, freckle cosmetics contain higher levels of tretinoin.

In view of the particularity of pregnant period, when choosing skin care products, pregnant women can’t not choose those products containing hormones and chemical composition which will be harmful to the fetus, better to choose mild pure plant products. In order to meet this demand, businesses in recent years also accordingly launched a special cosmetic for pregnant women, it was concerned by expectant mothers. Some expectant mothers were suspected the cosmetics which advertised natural plant preparation, mostly of them were not dared to try. It is understood that, under normal circumstances, the cosmetic raw materials are formulated by a variety of chemical components, wherein the deionized water was accounted for the most ratio, depending on the different product types may also be added other ingredients, such as glycerin, white oils, silicone oils, stearic acid, nutrients, flavors and preservatives. In contrast, the natural plant ingredients is only a small part, pure natural plant ingredients can not be made ​​into products. Face on the market, a number of pregnant women cosmetics under the banner of "natural" name, professionals believe that the variety does not have the relevant standards, its ingredients and additives should be made ​​in accordance with the requirements of ordinary products, as for whether their efficacy is significantly, ingredients are really natural is no way to check on, therefore, recommend prospective mothers in the purchase of pregnant women cosmetics must polish their eyes, do not believe the publicity of exaggerating efficacy, pay attention to whether the ingredients contained in products are safe and effective.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Interpretation of Chinese biotin export market trends

The real turning point of Chinese biotin production came in 2001 and 2002. Chinese researchers first invented the "d-biological factors asymmetric synthesis of a new process" in the international market, since then, broken the long time leading position of big Western companies in biotin synthesis process. China take the new technology to produce biotin, the production cost is less than 1/3 of the Western companies’ biotin production costs. This new biotin production process firmly established the "pricing power" of Chinese biotin products in the international pharmaceutical market (like Chinese researchers invented vitamin C “2 -step synthesis of new process” in the 1970s). The development of Chinese biotin synthesis new processes have become one of the world's largest biotin manufacturer, It is reported that China's production capacity is about 50% of the total capacity of the world, export volume ranking first in the world, the 2007 export volume accounting for 70% of the actual sales of the biotin international market.

China is a biotin producing country, the products produced by biotin manufacturers are very popular in the international market. Since the beginning of 2008, the international market prices of biotin enter into the rising channel. The experts believe that the biotin export volume in recent years will continue to rise, have good export prospects.

Biotin, also known as "Vitamin H", is belonging to one of the B vitamins. In the early 1990s, Western pharmacologists found biotin has a lot of interesting new uses, including prevent the fetus because of the abnormal development of neural tube to cause birth defects, promote the body lipolysis - weight loss, from then on, biotin attracted the attention of the medical field. Recent research demonstrates that biotin is also effective in treating the type 2 diabetes which with high incidence in the world, this discovery makes the hard sell biotin become the shopping-rush goods in the world's pharmaceutical market.

Before 1990s, the international biotin market has been monopolized by a few large companies in the West. Although China had already begun to produce biotin as early as in the late 1960s, but due to affected by backward technology and production cost and other factors, the production is always not high, only meet part of the demand of the Chinese market, need to import a large part each year. This situation in the early 1990s began to change. With the international biotin market’s price increasing, Chinese pharmaceutical companies began to actively engaging in the production of bulk drugs biotin. With the biotin manufacturers’ team rapidly expanding, China is not only end of long-term dependence on importing, but also began to flock a large number of biotin to the international market. Until 1998, Chinese biotin exported was accounted for half of the international biotin market. However, China's exported biotin is basically the lower added value feed grade biotin, and higher selling price of pharmaceutical grade or cosmetic raw materials levels biotin market is still monopolized by big Western companies. It is understood that, in the past few years, the international biotin market constitute: feed grade account for about 80%, pharmaceutical grade, cosmetic raw material and health food grade biotin accounted for the remaining 20% share.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Extraction methods and applications of capsaicin

Capsaicin is also known as capsicine, was the main spicy substance in pepper fruit. The earliest isolated from pepper fruit in 1876, and named capsaicin. Since then, there are some homologs of capsaicin in the pepper fruit had been found, they are collectively referred to as capsaicin series substances, now has been found more than 14 kinds of capsaicin series substances. Wherein the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are accounted for about 90% of the total amount, the remaining accounted for only a small amount.

Capsaicin is an extremely spicy vanilla amide alkaloid. Its chemical structure name: -8 - methyl - (trans) -6 - nonenamide. Pure product is white flaky crystal, melting point is 65-66°C. Easy to be dissolved in methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and ether, also can be dissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution, at high temperature will produce irritating gases. It can be hydrolyzed to the vanilla ylamine and capric acid, it shows subacidity because of having a phenolic hydroxyl group, and can have a colorimetric reaction with Fehling reagent.

Capsaicin manufacturer usually use the method of extracting from natural pepper to prepare capsaicin. Early methods is pulverized the dry red pepper, extracted with an organic solvent, concentrated to give an oily liquid, this oil in the international are collectively referred to as capsicum oleoresin, the main ingredient is capsaicin, dihydro capsaicin, drop-dihydro capsaicin, high-dihydro capsaicin, capsanthin, carotene, yellow pigment, as well as citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and other a variety of substances. Pepper oil resin through the solvent of diethyl ether, dilute ethanol, and alkaline solution, or petroleum ether, dichloroethane and other solvents to further extracted and concentrated, crystallized can be obtained crude crystals of capsaicin, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content is about 76% to 96%. In recent years, in the preparation of capsaicin appears a lot of new techniques and new methods, such as ion-exchange method, supercritical fluid extraction, liquid - liquid extraction, ethanol extraction, prepared by biological cell culture system, chemical synthesis capsaicin structure analogs.

In the international market, the supply of capsaicin exist a certain gap, especially the high purity capsaicin apply in medicine, this part of product’s processing technology is difficult, but the corresponding product’s sales prices are high, with the capsaicin in the pharmaceutical, agriculture and other fields further promote using in future, the market prospects is more optimistic.

Capsaicin is widely used, currently used as an additive in the food industry were generally belong to the low-purity capsaicin products, too much impurities, heavy odor, low price, economic efficiency is no high; the high purity capsaicin has a number of physiological activity, can ease pain, diminish inflammation, circulate blood, is now widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, bruises, frostbite, drug, analgesic, anti-itch, inflammation sterilization, and as pharmaceutical raw materials for a variety of drugs, such as chili rheumatism ointment, drug injection, capsaicin ointment and pepper analgesic ointment; in agriculture used as pesticide formulations to get rid of pests and pest control; in military, capsaicin is used as the main component of manufacturing tear gas, tear gas guns and defensive weapons; in other areas also have been reported the application of capsaicin, the United States in 1995 used the capsaicin series compounds in paints, coating the ship to prevent algae and marine organisms sticking, also can be used in wood, metal, plastic and other surface coating.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Application of glutathione in the food industry

The glutathione content is usually low in daily consumption of flour products, it almost wiped out after processing. In China, along with economic development and the improvement of living standards, the food structure of consumers has changed dramatically, intake of essential amino acids from the daily food, such as lysine, methionine and so on are generally not lack of, while some foods functional factors, such as glutathione is often short, added glutathione in the flour products can greatly enhance its nutritional value. Experiments by glutathione supplier found that glutathione added to the flour products processing or used in combination with the proteolytic enzymes can reduce the amount of water in kneading dough, improve the rheological properties of dough, from a large range to control the dough viscosity, reduced dough strength, make the mixing and extrusion molding becomes easy and can shorten the drying time of the product; added glutathione as a tyrosinase inhibitor in noodle processing, can prevent unpleasant color change, in cereals and beans mixed pulverizing, added glutathione peptide as a reducing agent can maintain the original and the desired color; added glutathione in protein-rich flour, soy flour can be effectively prevented the enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning; glutathione also can inhibit amino acids and glucose produce colored and harmful substances under heating.

Apply in dairy products, add glutathione and other additives in cheese production, can greatly enhance its delightful flavor and improve cheese quality and accelerate the maturity of the cheese; add glutathione in yogurt can play the antioxidants stable mass action; in casein, skim milk powder, infant milk powder adding glutathione can effectively prevent enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning.

The application of glutathione in meat, poultry, fish and seafood, glutathione have antioxidant, in fish, meat and poultry food processing add glutathione can inhibit nuclease decomposing, and strengthen the flavor of the food and greatly prolong shelf life. Such as glutathione can effectively prevent the skin of frozen fillets color fading, browning of the fish; glutathione has an important role on maintaining and enhancing the fresh seafood’s unique flavor; have a strong meat flavor while mixed coexist with glutamic acid, nucleic acid.

On fruits, vegetables, food and beverage, in the processing of foods, fruits and vegetables join glutathione can effectively prevent the browning and keep the original attractive color, flavor and nutrition. For example, apples and potatoes’ processed products, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning prevention of apple juice, grape juice, pineapple juice, orange juice and grapefruit juice. In the production of traditional Japanese drink sake, use strong fermentation and leakage glutathione yeast had been produced high-content glutathione products, brewing high levels of glutathione anticancer series beer, improve its nutrition and health functions, China has patents; glutathione also can be used as the reducing agent of wine.

In health features food, for the vast majority of consumers (especially in central city), the daily intake of carbohydrates and protein is sufficient or excessive, so people have gradually turned their food consumption attention to health and longevity, foods add glutathione, can repair the body cell damage caused by free radicals and other harmful substances, preventing the body from degenerative diseases and the body organ loss of function. In addition, glutathione is an indispensable cosmetic raw material in skin care products, is the key to keeping skin elasticity. So, if we want to maintain the body and skin health, supply rich glutathione is required.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com