The important role of glutathione

Glutathione is a tripeptide compound composed by the amino acid, glutamic acid (glutamate) and cysteine ​​three amino acids. Dietary glutathione is found in fruits, vegetables, especially asparagus, avocados, walnuts, fish and meat.

Glutathione is called "antioxidants master", can help the body cells against oxidative damage, achieve the anti-aging purposes, is a common cosmetic raw material, in addition to its own effective antioxidant, it can also promote recycling use of other oxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E. Thus, glutathione can contribute to prevent cancer and other diseases caused by oxidative damage. Glutathione also plays an important role in regulating immune cells, it is an effective antidote. Low levels of glutathione are related to hepatic dysfunction, immune system dysfunction, heart disease and premature aging. Glutathione is very important in the synthesis of DNA synthesis and repair, the synthesis of protein and prostate, amino acid transport. Several studies show that glutathione has anti-viral effect. The study found that glutathione can inhibit the activation of the AIDS virus, so that it’s benefit to AIDS carriers and patients.

Glutathione has not known deficiency symptoms, but some medical diseases - such as diabetes, low sperm count and hepatopathy are related to glutathione lacking. Heavy smokers are with lower glutathione levels in body, it is because certain chemicals in tobacco will increase the utilization of the human glutathione.

Daily therapeutic dose: the crowd had been confirmed that lack of glutathione should seek medical treatment, may be need intravenous or intramuscular injection. Glutathione supplier suggests that oral glutathione is not the best way to improve blood glutathione levels. One study found that healthy people taking 500 milligrams of vitamin C every day, after two weeks, the glutathione levels in the blood increased by 50%. Other nutritional compounds can promote glutathione levels include: alpha lipoic acid, glutamate, methionine, adenosylmethionine sulfide and whey protein.

Glutathione is a mercapto group-containing small molecule peptide, with important antioxidant role and integration detoxification effect. Glutathione is a tripeptide combined by glutamic acid, cysteine ​​and glycine, the mercapto group on the cysteine is ​​its reactive groups (so that glutathione often abbreviated as G-SH), easy to combine with iodoacetic acid, mustard gas (a gas), lead, mercury, arsenic and other heavy metal salt, thus have the integration detoxification effect. Glutathione (especially the liver cells’ glutathione) have a very important physiological role, that is integrate detoxification, can bind with certain drugs (such as paracetamol), toxins (such as free radicals, heavy metals) and so on, involved in biological transformation role, so that translate the body’s harmful poisons into harmless substances, excrete out of the body.

Glutathione also has reduction form (G-SH) and oxidized form (G-S-S-G) form two kinds, under physiological conditions, the reduced glutathione occupied the majority. Glutathione reductase catalyzes the interconversion between the two types. The coenzyme of this enzyme is the NADPH supplied by sugar phosphate metabolism.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

Application of abamectin series drugs

In China, abamectin and ivermectin formulation mainly have powders, premixes, capsules, tablets and injections. Recently also developed oral liquid, paste, pouring agent and ointment, but the market application surface is not large. Various formulations have advantages and disadvantages, should be according to the different animal object to apply. In bioavailability, the injection agent is the best, followed by is the pouring agent, again is oral liquid.

At present, in the animal health products market, abamectin and ivermectin have very widespread popularization and application. In drive mites and external parasites drugs, abamectin and ivermectin is the most widely used drug, and the amount is still expanding. With the production technology continues to progress, ivermectin prices will continue to fall, in China, ivermectin will be increasingly replaced abamectin.

The application of abamectin and ivermectin is a big step forward in the breeding technology, is a major contribution of antibiotics on livestock. However, in the process of using abamectin, many users reflected that the effect is not good, even show up poisoning, especially the reflections about the unstablity of using abamectin is more prominent. After investigation and analysis, the researchers think that the cause of these results with the following reasons.

First, the chemical structure of abamectin is inherently instability, susceptible to be oxidized and reduce the activity. This activity decay process can occur in the drug raw material, tablets, powders, premixes and capsules and so on. Secondly, due to the abamectin is a group of compounds, constituent and molecular structure are more complex, if the quality control measures in the production process can not be fully in place, the quality of drugs produced will be severely affected. Third, some abamectin manufacturers use the Afo bacterials mycelium without further purification refined or crude extract as abamectin to sale. This is not only can not play the efficacy, but also likely to cause livestock poisoning and even death. Fourth, different manufacturers produce abamectin and ivermectin injection solvents and accessories (such as co-solvent, antioxidant, analgesic, etc.) is different, make the efficacy discrepancy. Fifth, abamectin and ivermectin have good effect to kill the adult insects, but the efficacy on larvae and eggs is poor or even no efficacy, if oral medication is not continuous or repeated drug use will result in the larvae and insects egg stage parasites develop into adults cause repeated infections. Sixth, did not cooperate with the hogpen cleaning and disinfection measures while deworming with drugs, causing ova and parasites repeated infections in the environment.

For the above, while buying abamectin and ivermectin should note the followings: choose high degree credibility well-known abamectin supplier, so the quality is reliable. Don’t buy the commodity preparations made ​​from mycelium or crude extracts. Qualified abamectin and ivermectin oral preparations are not gray and black, tasteless. If the powder or tablets is black or gray, unpleasant odor is lead to mycelium or crude extracts, can not be purchased to use. In the case of the conditions permit, as far as possible to choose ivermectin preparations, do not use abamectin. As far as possible to choose a relatively new product in the production batch, especially using the abamectin. Ensure adequate dose and duration of drug effect, if necessary, repeated drug use. According to the rearing conditions and different livestock breeds choose the appropriate dosage forms, in the case of operating conditions permit, as far as possible to choose injections. Pay attention to the cleaning and disinfection of environmental health while medicating, to kill the parasite eggs in the environment.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Market breakthrough of astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is still a new thing, low market awareness: the customers were generally never heard of this product, and easily misunderstood this product, thinking that this product is shrimp, or something extracted from the shrimp, people also not very familiar with Haematococcus pluvialis, it is very trouble to explain. Today the antioxidant products on the market are many and complex: like Q10, OPC, VE, lycopene and so on, astaxanthin how to compared with the antioxidant products sold in the existing market and highlights the features, it is necessary to carry out a large number of science publicity to raise consumer’s awareness of astaxanthin, and catch the astaxanthin for two populations of eye disease, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts and cardiovascular disease to highlight the breakthrough.

Start astaxanthin new markets should pay attention to several aspects: 1. new customers were more difficult to accept it (especially for the astaxanthin suppliers that have more products variety), this is a normal phenomenon. But this kind of astaxanthin supplier can through other products to transform new customers, through the service, and then grafted to astaxanthin; 2. there are some customers think that the price is too high, this situation can be used to solve in two ways: first, take the original purchase of customers’ other products to equivalent exchange to reduce the difficulty of increasing astaxanthin taking customer base; establish the psychological orientation from the beginning to customers that "astaxanthin is the most powerful antioxidants in the world, is truly worthy of the high-end products", so it's value to be expensive, expensive justified. 3. since the astaxanthin had been promoted in the market, many customers reflect that the product in the treatment of eye diseases, stable blood pressure have good results. As long as developing a new customer conversion strategy, have a large number of qualified astaxanthin that certified by customers, as well as the emergence of similar products in the market, there are still some potential. 4. popularize health education, change people's concepts of health is more important than promote their products. The first is educating the sales team, everyone must master the antioxidant knowledge, in order to be confident, skilled services for consumers; followed by is the customer education, do well the health education. As long as well done the education, sales will be successful. There are many mature markets, as long as new markets actively involved in Company linkage, the start of market, the number is just a matter of time.

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid. There are a lot of well-known stars in the carotenoid family, such as beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene and so on, these carotenoids are good nutrients, can improve our life’s quality and prolong life. However, astaxanthin is the most benefit one in the family. Natural astaxanthin exists in some organisms such as algae, fungi, as well as shrimp and crab, salmon, their surface will show a beautiful orange or red, those red substances were astaxanthin.

Scientific studies have shown that astaxanthin has a multifaceted role of scavenging free radicals, anti-inflammatory, protecting blood vessels, reducing cholesterol, whitening skin, wrinkle-free, ease joint pain, improving immunity. In addition, astaxanthin in preventing cancer, protect eyesight, protect the nervous system, prevent Alzheimer also have a satisfactory effect. At present, the world’s commercial use astaxanthin has synthetic, natural extracts. The former are generally used as feed nutrition enhancer, the latter is commonly used in human nutrition and health care products and cosmetic raw material.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

New pesticides to control cotton bollworm

New insecticides developed in recent years, such as macrolide emamectin benzoate and spinosad, insect growth inhibitor hexaflumuron, chlorfluazuron, methoxyfenozide are has good control effect on cotton bollworm.

Bioassay results show that spinosad products have obvious ovicides effect on cotton bollworm; emamectin benzoate, spinosad, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, phoxim, profenofos, efficient cypermethrin on eggs hatch has significant inhibited effect; emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, chlorpyrifos, beta-cypermethrin, profenofos and phoxim have better poisoning effect on bollworm’s young, old larvae; insect growth regulator to the newly hatched larvae of cotton bollworm have obvious growth inhibitory effect. Field experiments showed that emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin, profenofos, wherein the control effect of lambda-cyhalothrin is fast and efficient, the effect of spinosad and methoxyfenozide is slower, less effective.

Although chlorpyrifos’ toxicity is moderate, phoxim with less toxicity, and both were have good prevention and treatment effect on cotton bollworm’s larvae, but because of it belongs to high toxic pesticides to bees, fish, trichogramma, so that in field trials do not choose these two agents. Although lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, profenofos be used for preventing and controlling cotton bollworm in the field for a longer time, but they still have good control effect; emamectin benzoate is a new macrolide compound, with efficient and ultra-efficient characteristics on certain pests and harmful mites, the main mode of action is stomach toxicity and tag out, its mechanism of action is to interfere with the pest neurophysiological activity, inhibitγ-amino butyric acid receptor chloride ion stream, blocking the movement neural information transmit, make the motor nerve palsyed, the insect stop feeding and death, has a strong osmosis on blade, kill pests under the epidermis, and have long duration. The test confirmed that after emamectin benzoate treating bollworm eggs, the effect on bollworm egg shell’s early larvae is the best, and both have good effect on bollworm’s young, old larvae, is an ideal bollworm control agents, this result is the same with other studies.

Spinosad is a microbial metabolite, belongs to low toxicity, broad-spectrum pesticides, biodegradable in the environment, do not pollute the environment, to lepidopteran pests have fast contact and stomach poison effect, with strong osmosis on blade, can kill pests under epidermis, longer duration, to some certain pests have ovicides effect. The study found that spinosad does have a toxic effect on bollworm eggs, and after treatment the newly hatched larvae’s mortality is high, but the effect of spinosad to young and old larvae is slower.

Methoxyfenozide is a low toxicity, dihydrazide insect growth regulator, belonging the molting hormone analogues, able to simulate the function of Lepidoptera larvae molting hormone, to promote it molting, mature early, incomplete development, this pesticide have little effect on other insects except Lepidoptera, with a long duration, stable, low toxicity, efficient, safe for people and livestock and other features, it is the ideal selective insecticides in comprehensive prevention and control. The results show that although methoxyfenozide to the newly hatched larvae of cotton bollworm have significantly inhibited effect, but the effect is slow, and its field trials were less effective.

Source:http://www.cospcn.com

Methods of dermatologists cure acne

In general, dermatology does not encourage to press the affected area, because improper handling will make the inflammation problem intensifying, and will lead to deeper inflammation of hair follicles, form acne. Generally speaking, acne treatment can be divided into two major categories of oral and topical: oral antibiotics can prevent the growth of bacteria in the hair follicles which cause inflammation, thereby reducing acne; some oral vitamin A will control skin cell renew and reduce oil secretion, but will also comes with dry skin side effects, these patients can choose some with moisturizing auxiliary treatment products. Tretinoin (Vitamin A series) can effectively get rid of acne, it is reported that: tretinoin (Vitamin A series) remove acne, cosmetic effect is significantly, from remove acne, smooth fine lines, dilute the stain to narrow pores, almost almighty. Because of these drugs are irritating, many patients often abandon the use. The researchers point out, learn how to proper use tretinoin can reduce the side effects.

Compared to prescription products, the efficacy of non-prescription tretinoin product is weak, the onset time is longer, but to skin is relatively mild, and the price is relatively low. Therefore, the tretinoin manufacturer recommend that sensitive skin and first time users should be selected concentration of 0.1% of non-prescription tretinoin formulations retinol, it can be slowly converted to the active ingredient - tretinoin, so that its irritating to the skin will relatively small.

If use three months, the skin has not improved, we can consider switching to more effective prescription preparations. In this case, the non-prescription products had been make the skin gradually adapt to, so that even change to the preparations at this time, the side effects produced by latter will likely be significantly reduced. Due to tretinoin drugs will in some extents dry the skin. Therefore, choose to start using in summer when the air humidity is relatively large, it is a more scientific program.

What should be noted that during application period of retinoic acid, should be suspended for the depth of facial care. Because dry skin is more prone to having burning sensation, it is necessary to consider continuing facial cares after the stimulation symptoms of tretinoin disappeared completely. Moreover, some facial products, including scrub cream, exfoliating products, containing alcoholic toner, containing drugs cleanser and cosmetics, may react to tretinoin, should avoid using at the same time.

Cosmetic raw material suppliers advise that when the first time use tretinoin, take the size of the beans amount to try, but should avoid applied in lips, eyelids, and other sensitive areas. Retinoic acid has obvious teratogenic effects, even if apply very small doses, or a very short time, it may cause fetal severe brain and heart defects, mental retardation, therefore, during the treatment and stopping medicate 30 days after should strict contraception. Due to retinoic acid can make the surface dead skin shedding, which is equivalent to remove the natural protection of skin against UV layer. User can topical use the antioxidant products which can reduce inflammation, such as green tea essence. Mixed with oats and fresh milk into a paste, applied to the face for 10-15 minutes, first wash with warm water, then the cold water, it also can remove steatorrhea material, make the skin smooth and delicate.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com